Page 235 - Proceeding of Atrans Young Researcher's Forum 2019_Neat

“Transportation for A Better Life:
Smart Mobility for Now and Then”

23 August 2019, Bangkok, Thailand

2. Literature Review as shopping malls and airports. This is because
2.1 Mode Choice Modeling shopping malls and airports became the center of
attraction for majority of the people in Metro Manila.
Mode choice is a way of analyzing the These shopping malls and airports became the hub
behavior of humans in terms of decision-making for students, working adults, and especially for
related to means of transportation. It is one of the people looking for recreational activities. Because of
most crucial models since it involves not only the this, the majority of the public transportation has also
characteristics of the vehicles but also how humans settled pick up points near those big establishments
respond to the available utilities in an area. Mode as well since there is a high demand of passengers in
choice can give information about the factors that that location. These malls and airports are also the
determine the probability of people to choose a perfect location for the P2P Bus Terminals because
certain utility and this plays a significant role in they are also some of the only locations that have a
transportation planning and policy making. This is big area enough to establish and accommodate the
because mode choice can give details about the most large P2P Bus Terminals. Because of these, the P2P
effective and efficient transport facility that can be Bus routes also adjusted to the location of the big
implemented in the area. [6] establishments. The P2P Bus Routes generally
connect the malls from the northern part of Metro
2.2 Factors Considered in Mode Choice Manila directly to the southern portion of the city. It
provides an accessible mode of transportation
In choosing the mode of transportation, between two hubs, one in the north and one in the
there are lots of factors needed to be considered, such south of the city, for passengers that usually find it
as passenger characteristics, mode characteristics, hard to travel the distance due to traffic, long queues
and facility characteristics. Based on the study in other modes of transportation, or expensive fares.
conducted in the past, different characteristics of
passengers, such as civil status, employment type, 3.2 Data Source and Sample Size
possession and ownership of driver’s license and
vehicle, household characteristics, income levels, The research required several primary data
and the penalties associated with tardiness and early sources since these were used as basis to determine
departure, can be part of the factors and leave an the preferred mode choice of commuters and as well
impact in the mode choice and travel behavior of as their ratings for the service and operation of the
people. [7] The services provided also influence the mode of transportation. The primary data source
modal choice of the transit users. The serviceability served as a huge basis to see the preferred mode
of the mode to the passenger also creates an impact choice of commuters as well as ratings for the
in exchange with the travel time and cost spent by operation and service of the mode. The primary data
the commuters. was gathered through ocular visits at the sites,
interviews with the commuters, P2P Survey
2.3 NLOGIT Software Questionnaires, and On-Board Surveys filled out by
the researchers. All of these were either sourced
NLOGIT is a package of programs for from the stations or inside the mode of transportation
analyzing data on multinomial choice. The program itself. The researchers also used secondary data to
is consists of a special set of estimation and analysis support their research. These secondary data sources
routines, specifically for this class of models and were obtained by going through several other
style of analysis. What makes the NLOGIT software researches online about the efficiency and
unique is its inherent feature as a simulation facility. effectiveness of the P2P Bus Service and the other
Researchers and analysts may use the built-in current modes in the Philippines.
[5]
simulator to fit a model and analyze its results.
The basis for the sample size used for the
study was calculated using the Cochran’s Formula
3. Methodology with a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of
error. The formula was used with a rough population
3.1 Study Area of Metro Manila and resulted with a sample size of
Majority of the P2P Bus Terminals in Metro 385 people. The initial rough sample size was used
Manila are situated in prominent establishment such
so that the researchers could have a generic idea

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