Page 74 - Technology Roadmap Transportation

TABLE 4.4 ROADMAP FOR FUELS
Industrialization of 1 generation biofuels.
st
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SHORT
Proper infrastructure for production and distribution of biofuels. availability of different
TERM
feedstocks.
(1-5 YEARS)
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Increased use of waste products as feedstock: (Biofuels can be made from different
resources. Production of biofuels from waste materials such as waste cooking oil and
under-utilized non-edible oils.)
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nd
Development of 2 generation biofuels: (Second-generation biofuels, produced from
the non-edible part of plants are used to power vehicles, thereby limiting their CO
2
emissions. With recent developments in automotive technology, it is required to
produce better quality, low cost biofuels. For this, research on advanced technologies
for conversion of raw materials into high quality biofuels is required. )
TECHNOLOGY VISION 2035 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Development of ultra low sulfur fuels for lower emission as well as vehicle life
Implementation of large scale EV recharging infrastructure, including integration to
grid demand, fast charge capability
MEDIUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TERM
nd
(5-10 YEARS) Demonstration of 2 generation biofuels at industrial scale (process and distribution
infrastructure)
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Battery’s thermal management: It is needed to analyze vehicle battery thermal
management systems to improve battery performance, life, and safety. By using
thermal analysis and laboratory testing results, battery suppliers and automotive
manufacturers can improve module and pack designs
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Use of off-shore wind energy based hydrogen production
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Development of unified fuels such as JP-8
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Development of hydrogen generation and distribution infrastructure: Hydrogen can be
produced in large scale to sustain whole transport sector using solar energy and
nuclear thermal energy.

Large scale, high power, intelligent charging infrastructure for mass penetration of EVs
across the length and breadth of the country and on the highways.
LONG
TERM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(10-15 YEARS) Use of nuclear power for hydrogen production (thermal routes)
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Development of off-shore gas hydrates for natural gas production
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Development of 3 generation biofuels: (Microalgae are currently being promoted as an
rd
ideal third generation biofuel feedstock because of their rapid growth rate, CO2 fixation
ability and high production capacity of lipids. Algae also does not compete with food
crops for resources, and can be easily produced on non-arable land. Microalgae have
broad bio-energy potential as they can be used to produce liquid transportation and
heating fuels, such as biodiesel and bio-ethanol.)
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Industrial infrastructure for production of 2 and 3 generation biofuels
rd
nd

4.7 GLOBAL ROAD TRANSPORT: CURRENT transportation sector are primarily due to fossil
EMISSIONS TRENDS fuels combustion.
Today the transport sector is responsible for
23 - 24% of global CO emission from fossil fuel 4.8 GLOBAL ROAD TRANSPORT: FUTURE
2
combustion (with road transport 17-18% of EMISSIONS TRENDS
this total). The transport sector has the highest In response to the challenging new fuel-
CO emissions growth of all sectors; aviation economy standards, higher fuel prices,
2
and road transport are the main contributors and tighter emissions controls, transport
of this growth. Net CO reduction costs are manufacturers are motivated to find new ways
2
achievable. It is important that the efficiency to improve efficiencies and make transport
gains are not simply offset by trends toward more environment friendly. In long term,
even larger, heavier, and faster cars. Fossil fuel the manufacturers can potentially achieve
use is the primary source of CO , and methane a reduction of about 28%–33% emissions
2
(CH ). Nitrous oxide (N O) emissions from from conventional IC engines, 41%–45% for
4 2

72 ROADWAYS