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In the drawing here,

geographic north has

been chosen as the

reference direction, and
o
the direction is 225 .

9.5.1.1 Reference line

0
The reference line is called 0 .
o
o
The direction is measured clockwise as a degree number between 0 and 360 .
In cases where geographic north is chosen as the reference point, the direction

o
o
east becomes 090 , the direction south becomes 180 , while the direction west
o
becomes 270 .

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9.5.2 Geographic north / true north and magnetic north

In aviation, we work with different concepts for north.

- Geographic north / True north (TN)

- Magnetic north (MN)

- Compass north (CN) (you will hear about it later)

9.5.2.1 Geographic north / true north (TN)

Geographic north, or true north (TN (True North)), is identical to the point North

Pole. That is the point where the northern end of the Earth's axis is thought to

intersect the Earth's surface.

Flyveteori PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 830