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Chapter 22: Intervertebral Disc Fenestration 197

Figure 22.12 Lateral radiograph showing burr
damage (arrow) along the vertebral endplates of
T13–L1 caused by power fenestration.

especially related to power fenestration [41,57], difficulty identify- 10 Dickey DT, Bartels KE, Henry GA et al. Use of the holmium yttrium aluminum
ing one or more disc spaces for fenestration [21,23,25], and most garnet laser for percutaneous thoracolumbar intervertebral disc ablation in dogs.
J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:1263–1267.
recently vertebral subluxation and instability which developed 11 Nerubay J, Caspi I, Levinkopf M, Tadmor A, Bubis JJ. Percutaneous laser nucleoly-
weeks to months after hemilaminectomy and prophylactic fenestra- sis of the intervertebral lumbar disc. An experimental study. Clin Orthop Relat Res
tion [25]. Most reported complications are minor and have no long‐ 1997;337:42–44.
term negative effects [6,21,23,25,54]. However, increased cost 12 Bartels KE, Higbee RG, Bahr RJ, Galloway DS, Healey TS, Arnold C. Outcome of
associated with longer surgical and anesthetic times, increased sur- and complications associated with prophylactic percutaneous laser disk ablation in
gical incision length, and possibly postoperative morbidity related dogs with thoracolumbar disk disease: 277 cases (1992–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc
2003;222:1733–1739.
to additional tissue dissection and trauma should be considered. 13 Dugat DR, Bartels KE, Payton ME. Recurrence of disk herniation following percu-
Recurrent disc herniation at a previously fenestrated disc space is taneous laser disk ablation in dogs with a history of thoracolumbar intervertebral
possible and has been reported but is rare [4,21,23]. disk herniation: 303 cases (1994–2011). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016;249:
1393–1400.
14 Thomovsky SA, Packer RA, Lambrechts NE, Moore GE. Canine intervertebral disc
Postoperative Care fenestration using a vacuum‐assisted tissue resection device. Vet Surg 2012;41:
There are no additional postoperative considerations following fen- 1011–1017.
estration than those required for other surgeries of the spine. Dogs 15 Miyabayashi T, Lord PF, Dubielzig RR, Biller DS, Manley PA. Chemonucleolysis
that undergo fenestration of all discs between T11–T12 and L3–L4 with collagenase. A radiographic and pathologic study in dogs. Vet Surg
1992;21:189–194.
(or more) are subjectively more painful in the initial postoperative 16 Bradford DS, Cooper KM, Oegema TR Jr. Chymopapain, chemonucleolysis and
period and require more analgesics than those undergoing decom- nucleus pulposus regeneration. J Bone Join Surg Am 1983;65:1220–1231.
pression with single‐site fenestration. Application of a soft padded 17 MacKenzie SD, Brisson BA, Gaitero L et al. Distribution and short‐ and long‐term
bandage and cold compresses for the initial 24–36 hours can reduce effects of injected gelified ethanol into the lumbosacral intervertebral disc in
healthy dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016;57:180–190.
swelling and appears to increase patient comfort. 18 Scott HW. Hemilaminectomy for the treatment of thoracolumbar disc disease in
the dog: a follow‐up study of 40 cases. J Small Anim Pract 1997;38:488–494.
19 Funkquist B. Decompressive laminectomy in thoraco‐lumbar disc protrusion with
Video clips to accompany this book can be found on paraplegia in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 1970;11:445–451.
the companion website at: 20 Colter SB. Fenestration, decompression, or both? Symposium on Controversial
www.wiley.com/go/shores/neurosurgery Problems in Clinical Practice. Vet Clin North Am 1978;8:379–383.
21 Brisson BA, Moffatt SL, Swayne SL, Parent JM. Recurrence of thoracolumbar
intervertebral disk extrusion in chondrodystrophic dogs after surgical decompres-
sion with or without prophylactic fenestration: 265 cases (1995–1999). J Am Vet
Med Assoc 2004;224:1808–1814.
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