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Unit 7: Astrophysics Page 19
Textbook Reading
Lesson 1: Particle Physics
Matter is number of protons (positive
anything that charge) and electron (negative
has mass. charge) so the charges cancel and
Another way to the atom is usually neutral. If an
think about it atom loses or gains an electron, it
is that matter becomes an ion and takes on a
is anything charge.
affected by gravity. The matter
you're familiar with is made up of Free neutrons are generally
atoms and ions, but that only unstable. It has to do with the
makes up a small part of the way it's built, meaning how the
matter in our universe. The matter quarks inside the neutron are
in black holes is not necessarily arranged. If you could put a naked
made of the same stuff in your neutron by itself on a shelf, it
fridge. wouldn't last more than fifteen
minutes before it flipped and
A Overview of the Atom became a proton. Isn't science
weird?
All matter is made of some kind of
particle. Visible matter (the chair, How to Turn Lead Into
table, book, car, even you!) is Gold
made up of electrons and quarks.
Quarks make up the nucleus of the The number of protons inside the
atom. They are subatomic particles atom determines what type of
that you can arrange in certain element it is. For example, an
ways to get protons and neutrons. atom with two protons in the core
Most of the mass is inside the is a helium atom. An atom with
atom's nucleus. eight protons is an oxygen atom.
You can change the atom by
Zipping around the nucleus is the adding or taking away protons. To
electron, which carries a negative turn lead (which has 82 protons)
electrical charge and very little into gold (79 protons), you would
mass. Atoms carry the same
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