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Council on Communication Education, 1989), p. 1-4.
8. Lizbeth Malkmus et Roy Armes, Arab and African Film Making (Londres : Zed Boob
Ltd., 1992), pp. 16-22.
9. David Bordwell et Kristin Thompson, Film Art : An Introduction (New York : McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company, 1976), pp. 3-25.
10. Manthia Diawara, «Sub-Saharan Film Production : Technological Paternalism», Jump Cut (n°
32, avril 1986).
11. J. andrew Higson, «The Concept of National Cinema», Screen (Vol. 30, No. 4,1989). Richard
Dyer et Ginette Vicendeau, Popular European Cinema (Londres : Routledge, 1992). Stephen
Crofts,
«Reconceptualizing National Cinema/s», Quarterly Review of Film & Video (Vol. 14 (3), 1993).
12. Andrew Higson, «The Concept of National Cinema», Screen (Vol. 30, No. 4,1989), p. 37.
13. Stephen Crofts, «Reconceptualizing National Cinemas», Quarterly Review of Film & Video
(Vol. 14 (3), 1993), p. 50.
14. Françoise Pfaff, The Cinema of Ousmane Sembene : A Pioneer of African film (Westport :
Praeger/Greenwood Press, 1984). Françoise Pfaff, Twenty-five Black African Filmmakers (New
York : Greenwood Press, 1988).
15. Lizbeth Malkmus et Roy Armes, Arab and African Film Making (Londres : Zed Books
Ltd. 1992), pp. 16-22.
16. Molly Haskell, From Reverence to Rape (New York : Penguin Books, 1974). Laura Mulvey,
«Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema», Screen (vol. 16, n° 3, automne 1975).
bell hooks, Feminist Theory : From Margin to Centre (Boston : South End Press, 1984). etc.
17. Laura Mulvey, «Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema Screen» (vol. 16, n° 3, automne 1975),
p. 7.
18. Jacqueline Bobo, «The Colour Purple : Black Women as Cultural Readers»,
E. Deirdre Pribram (ed), Female Spectators (Londres : Verso, 1988).
19. bell hooks, Feminist Theory : From Margin to Centre (Boston : South End Press, 1984), p. 3.
20. Abdul R. Janmohamed, Manichean Aesthetics : The Politics of Literature in Colonial Africa
(Amherst : The University of Massachusetts Press, 1983). Abdul R. Jan Mohamed, «The Economy
Manichean Allegory : The Function of Racial Difference in Colonialist Literature», Critical Inquiry
(vol. 12, no 1, automne 1985). Homi Bhabha, «The Other Question», Screen (Vol. 24, Nov-Dec
1983). Benita Parry, «Problems in Current theories of Colonial Discourse», Oxford Literary Review
(Nos. 1-2,1987).
21. Abdul R. Janmohamed, «The Economy Manichean Allegory : The Function of Racial Differ-
ence in Colonialist Literature», Critical Inquiry (vol. 12, n° 1, automne 1985), p. 67.
22. Tzvetan Todorov, The Conquest of America, trans. Richard Howard (New York : Harper Pere-
nial, 1984), p. 3.
23. Robert Stam et Louise Spence, «Colonialism, Racism and Representation : An
Introduction», Screen (Vol 24, No. 2, mars-avril 1983), p. 5.
24. African on Film : Myth and Reality, ed. Richard A. Maynard (Rothell Park, New Jersey : Hayden
Book Company, Inc., 1974).
25. Jeffrey Richards, Visions of Yesterday (Londres : Routledge et Kegan Paul, 1973), p. 3.
26. Ibid, p. 7.
27. V.Y. Mudimbe, The Invention of Africa (Londres : Jama Currey, 1988). Nancy Stephan, «Race
and Gender : The Role of Analogy in Science», dans David Theo Goldberg (ed) Anatomy of Racism
(Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press, 1990). Michael Banton, Social Theories (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1987).
28. Paul Bohanan, «The Myth and the Fact», dans Richard Maynard (ed) Africa on Film : Myth
and Reality (Rochelle Park, New Jersey : Hayden Book Company Inc., 1974), p. 2.
29. Jim Pines, Blacks in Films : A Survey of Racial Themes and Images in the American Film (Lon-
dres : Studio Vista, 1975), pp. 7-32. Daniel Leab, From Sambo to Superspade : The Black
Experi- ence in Motion Pictures (Boston : Houghton Mifflin, 1975), pp. 23-57. Thomas Cripps,
Slow Fade to Black : The Negro in American Film, 1900-1942 (New York : Oxford University
Press, 1977), p.
15. James Nesteby, Black Images in American Films, 1896-1954 (Lanham : University Press of
America, 1982), pp. 27-57.
30. Brian Street, «Reading the Novels of Empire : Race and Ideology in the Classic Tale
of Adventure» dans David Dabydeen (ed) The Black Presence in English Literature (Manchester.
Manchester University Press, 1985), p. 98.
31. Frank Rahill, The World of Melodrama (University Park & London : The Pennsylvania State
University Press, 1967). James L. smith, Melodrama (Londres : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1973).
Peter Brooks, The Melodramatic Imagination (New Haven : Yale University Press, 1976). Christine
Gled-