Page 17 - Makino,Tsutusi.DictionaryOfIntermediateJGrammar

GRAMMATICAL TERMS
bfiL KIZL-
(a) %L 12 B &wF ~&j(r. 17 a -j-,
(I understand Japanese a little.)
can
IZ <
(b) ~12%;f;"-';l ~J-W&LW~
(I want a sports car.)

(d) ~;C~I~~W~P,LT~,,
(My mother is scared of dogs, you know.)
tbf8 -PLL.P t+ B~>A
(e) h&CLtf 0~T~7RiBtbkL1z0
(My friend got his purse stolen on the train.)

Formal I Informal Forms Verb 1 adjective(i / na) 1 copula forms that are
used in formal and informal situations are formal forms and informal forms,
respectively. A formal situation is a situation in which relationship between
the speaker and the hearer(s) is formal, and an informal situation is a situation
in which the human relationship is informal. The formal and informal forms
of verbs I adjectives(i / na) and copula can be exemplified by the following
chart:

Formal Forms Informal Forms

Informal forms are required by some grammatical structures.
(+Appendix 4 (DBJG: 589-99))

Gr. 11 Gr. 2 Verbs Gr. 1 and Gr. 2 Verbs are Japanese verb groups: If
a verb's informal, negative, nonpast form has the [a] sound before nai as in
(a), the verb belongs to Group 1, and if not, as in (b), it belongs to Group