Page 21 - Makino,Tsutusi.DictionaryOfIntermediateJGrammar

GRAMMATICAL TERMS
Nominalizer A nominalizer is a particle that makes a sentence into a noun
phrase or clause. There are two nominalizers no and koto: the former repre-
sents the speaker's empathetic feeling towards an event I state expressed in the
nominalized noun phrase I clause; the latter represents the speaker's relatively
anti-empathetic feeling towards an event I state.
(+ no3 (DBJG: 3 18-22); koto2 (DBJG: 193-96)

Noun Phrase I Clause
Particle Predicate
Sentence Nominalizer
1: It& r trw
8$%&ct~ O/Lk hi %ELL.1,
(Reading Japanese is difficult.)

The nominalized sentence can be used in any position where an ordinary noun
or a noun phrase I clause can be used.

Participial Construction The construction which expresses an action
accompanying situation expressed in the main clause. The participial construc-
tion often involves te-form, as in (a) and (b).
bl; L h
(a) $L Ci 3 - 1- QB#blT/\ 2 fl- K~Ctl:,
(Taking off my coat, I hung it on a hanger.)
(b) Y 7 7 -~:&TK~B&xIT:,
(Sitting on the sofa I read newspaper.)

Passive Sentence A sentence which describes an action by someone from
the viewpoint of someone else who is affected by that action. (cf. Active Sen-
tence) (a) and (b) are passive sentences.
(a) VILKLI~~~I~~
(I was beaten by Bill.)
m) ~~~~i~~+~:&~w~o
(lit. Taro was annoyed by the fact that Akiko cried. (=Taro was
annoyed by Akiko's crying.))