Page 23 - Makino,Tsutusi.DictionaryOfIntermediateJGrammar

GRAMMATICAL TERMS
hf. L
(a) $L / SAEKF
(the newspaper I read)
(b) %L\ / ~%iPd&
(a big house / a house which used to be big)

(c) Gw&%f:7k%&7
(a magnificent building / a building which used to be magnificent)
(d) )3L\L;f3Q / )3~\L?jE7Tf;?--+
(a delicious-looking cake / a cake which looked delicious)

Punctual Verb A verb that represents a momentary action which either
occurs once, as in (a), or can be repeated continuously, as in (b).
(a) b (get to know); kt;bh (die); %'a b (begin); $@rf b (get married);
p@ b (stop s.t.); fkb (resemble)
(b) 7k 2 rf (drop); B T b (pluck off); if z, wck); kD (jump); Olit)
With the auxiliary verb iru, the punctual verbs in (a) express a state after an
action was taken, and those as in (b) express either a repeated action or a state
after an action was taken. (+ Appendix 2 (DBJG: 582-84)

Stative Verb A verb which represents a state of something or someone at
some point in time, as in (a). (+ Appendix 2 (DBJG: 582-84)

(a) i% b (exist inanimate things)); b> b (exist (of animate things)); ba
b (need); B%b (can do)

Subject The subject is an element of a sentence which indicates an agent
of an action in active sentences (as in (a)) or an experiencer of an action (as in
(b)) or someone or something that is in a state or a situation (as in (c), (e) and
(0). The subject is normally marked by the particle ga in Japanese unless it is
the sentence topic.

(b) %~'~-&&:wr;;kf:,
(Mary was praised by her teacher.)