Page 18 - Makino,Tsutusi.DictionaryOfIntermediateJGrammar

GRAMMATICAL TERMS
2. There are only two irregular verbs (i.e., kuru 'come' and sun, 'do') that
belong to neither the Gr. 1 nor to the Gr. 2.

Hearer The person who receives a spoken or written message. In this dic-
tionary the term "hearer" is used in a broader sense to mean the person to
whom the speaker or the writer communicates.

Imperative Form A conjugated verb form that indicates a command, as in
Hanase! 'Talk!,' 'Tabero! 'Eat it!,' Shiro! 'Do it!' or Koi! 'Come!'

Indefinite Pronoun A pronoun which does not refer to something specif-
ically. No in B's sentence in (a) is an indefinite pronoun. Here, no is used for
jisho 'dictionary,' but does not refer to a specific dictionary.
(a) A: YAQ&#W& L~AT-+;~%~
(What kind of dictionary do you want?)
B: $5 bl(nW&~b>,L-r-+',
(I want a small one.)

Indirect Object The indirect object of a verb is the recipient of the direct
object of the main verb, and is marked by the particle ni. In (a), for example,
the indirect object is Midori, a recipient of a scarf, which is the direct object of
the verb yatta. It can be inanimate, as in (b). The main verbs which involve
the indirect object are typically donative verbs (as in (a) and (b)).
w3Ji
(a) -,%b;t&P~l G:X7~--7%-?97:~
(Ichiro gave a scarf to Midori.)
fiuu.3 **?Lo3 3 it3 L cv ~l dw
!M
(b) 6LW;th W~~:~AO;E&%%$R~:~
(The typhoon brought great damage to the Kyushu area.)
Informal Form (eFormal1 Informal Forms)