Page 19 - Makino,Tsutusi.DictionaryOfIntermediateJGrammar

GRAMMATICAL TERMS
Intransitive Verb A verb which does not require a direct object. The
action or state identified by the intransitive verb is related only to the subject
of the sentence. For example, the verb hashitta 'ran' in (a) is an intransitive
verb because the action of running is related only to the subject.
(cf. Transitive Verb)
(a) &&E~LC&%~~,
(Mr. Suzuki ran.)
Intransitive verbs typically indicate movement (such as iku 'go,' kuru 'come,'
aruku 'walk,' tobu 'fly,' noru 'get onto'), spontaneous change (such as naru
'become,' kawaru 'change,' tokeru 'melt,' fukuramu 'swell,' hajimaru
'begin'), human emotion (such as yorokobu 'rejoice,' kanashimu 'feel sad,'
omou 'feel'), and birth /death (such as umareru 'be born,' shinu 'die').
(+ Appendix 3 (DBJG: 585-88)

I-type Adjective An adjective whose nonpast prenominal form ends with
i. Examples of i-type adjectives are takai 'high, expensive' and tsuyoi 'strong,'
as seen in (a). (cf. Na-type Adjective)
(a) gL\z
(an expensive book)
3VX
(a strong person)
I-type adjectives are further subdivided into two types: i-type adjectives which
end with shi-i and those with non-shi-i endings. Most adjectives with shi-i end-
ings express human emotion (such as ureshii 'happy,' kanashii 'sad,' sabishii
'lonely,' kurushii 'painful'); the non-shi-i adjectives are used for objective
descriptions (such as kuroi 'black,' shiroi 'white,' hiroi 'spacious,' takai 'high,
expensive').

Main Clause When a sentence consists of two clauses, one marked by a
subordinate conjunction (such as kara, keredo, node, and noni) and the othe~
not marked by a subordinate conjunction, the latter is called a main clause.
The bold-faced parts of (a) and (b) are main clauses.
"* t hfrl bit *7:3 -;A
(a) hB~dH@%b~OC:W3CC~3
tzO