Page 245 - Critical Maternity & Newborn Health Nursing

Diagnosis of complete breech

I-During pregnancy

The patient may complain of a hard tender mass in one

hypochondrium

a) Abdominal examination

1. Inspection: a transverse groove may be seen above the umbilicus

if the back is posterior (groove of the neck)

2. Palpation:

a. Fundal level: it corresponds to the period of amenorrhea.

b. Fundal grip: the head is occupying the fundus.

c. Umbilical grip: position of the back and limbs

d. Pelvic palpation: breech is usually felt and not engaged due to

large size.

e. Fetal heart sound is founded above the umbilicus

b) Vaginal examination: It felt soft irregular breech can be

differentiated from the hard regular head

c) Ultrasound These confirm the diagnosis of breech.

II- During labor

a) Abdominal examination: as during pregnancy

b) Vaginal examination: will reveal

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