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CONTENTS
the
a
He
roni
re
c
t.
a
Ah
a
lso
in

nd
g
din
sugg
y
be
to
sit
incor
both Yadin and Aharoni turned out to be incorrect. He also suggested identifying the site with
e
d out
with
sted
e
a
identi
M
ha
a
the pla
which became a second home for him. The college has provided storage space for the finds
ndles.
ppe
n
c
L
a

that a
LK

T
the place named MMST that appears on the LMLK jar handles.

e
jar
rs on the

s
a
s
Unive
a
The last excavation Barkay directed during his years at Tel Aviv University was a salvage
wa
sit
y
e

r
a
r
rin
g
e
y
his
c
dir
e
y
ka
du
ted
l
e
va
a
x
viv
A
rs
a
on B
ti
T
t
a
lva
The last
from Ketef Hinnom, hosted his 60th birthday party, and also awarded him the rank of professor,
e

a
s
Kiri
the Éc
of
e
t
I
a title he should have received many years earlier at Tel Aviv University. Many of his students
t
ti
wa
unde
ole B
ibl
rim
ique.
r
spice
y
a
the a
u
s
excavation at Kiriyath-Jearim in 1995 under the auspices of the École Biblique. It was the first
in
th
excava

Foreword
og
© 202

4 A
ol
ic
h
r

l C
e
nte
a
e
r

td.
L

a
© 2024 Archaeological Center Ltd.
IX
Robert Deutsch
b
T
a
whic
c
m
excava
e
om
joi
at the college volunteered in the excavations he directed and wrote dissertations under his
e
a
e
e
y
nt
a
t
g
the
in
l
wa
y
e
ti
viv

fr
A
r
sit
excavation at the site, which was recently excavated again by a joint team from Tel Aviv
va

on a
ted
s
a
x
and André Lemaire
r
d
se
ht
s r
e

All rights reserved
ve
All ri
g
ha
e
x
e
a
e
on
è
e
nc
sit
g
r
nd C
d since
oll
Th
supervision. Barkay has also taught many courses at other institutions and supervised Master's
Unive
upi
ti
found
c
va
University and Collège de France. The excavation found that the site had been occupied since
rsit
y
a
e
that the
e
F
a
.
d be

n I

e
l
Gabriel
sr
d i
Printe
d
unti
c
pe
re
He
n ti
the Neolithic period until modern times. He uncovered remains of an Iron Age II building with
un
mes.
riod
and Doctorate dissertations as an external supervisor.
thi
oli
the Ne
aremains
Printed in Israel of an Iron Age II building with
c
e
moder
ov
Gabriel Barkay - A Living Legend Archaeologist
Zachi Dvira
X
11
11

a destruction layer that probably dates to the 8th century.
He had the reputation of being a strict and punctual supervisor. He earned this reputation due
a destruction layer that probably dates to the 8th century.
ZILUMEI BOROCHOV & PHOTO OR

to his extensive knowledge, which made him a very critical scholar. Sitting next to Gabi at

XXII

------
Bibliography of Gabriel Barkay
Tell this Man the Meaning of his Vision
Teaching Career
in
r
Teach
academic conferences and hearing all his remarks about relevant archaeological data that the

e
g Car
e

rka
studi
a
e
's

Since the
s
of
g
T
rsit

wa
d a
speaker forgot to mention is an experience in itself.
s
y
Unive
t
a
a
n
in
g
be
s
e
viv
y
B
Since the beginning of Barkay's studies at Tel Aviv University in 1970, he was appointed as a
a
inni
l
A
co
ef H
et
f
:
K

i
On the
ont
n
o
m

v
n
r
er
On the front cover: Ketef Hinnom

iall
y

the
c
spouses
ght
r
spe
of
c
c

t
g
orp
r
dipl
he
.
ial pro
, he
nit
m
a
nd sin
omatic
t
lecture
, a
lecturer. Initially, he taught a special program for the spouses of the diplomatic corp, and since
a
e
for
a
I
PART I – BIBLICAL STUDIES
m
ly
e

n a
ne
o
d
t
Priest

B
ic
ti
ule
Priestly Benediction amulet
we
it
c
ute.
ome
t
students
ha
hing
his
1972, he
the
s
Temple Mount
be
of
a
ha
n tea
inst
ll
students
be
1972, he has been teaching students at the institute. Some of his students have become well-
e
c
ome
ve
S

)
(Draw
i
(Drawing by Ada Yardeni)
n

n
g
by
e
ard
a Y
i
mong
a
d late Adam Zertal, Mordechai Aviam, Yehuda Zertal, Mordechai Aviam, Yehuda
the
g
rc
a
known archaeologists. Among them were the
Ate Adam
olo
s.
A
known
re
l
a
e
A major change in Gabi's life, and in mine, occurred in 1999, when I was a third-year
them we
h
ist
Apocalyptic Expectations: Condemnations or
1:1 James Charlesworth

I
a

t
e
J
Archaeology student at Bar-Ilan University. Together with my friend and classmate, Aran
a
hin
c
e
g
lso
sra
Dagan,
rusa
y
C
in.
e
I
oll
n 1975,
Dagan, and Israel Finkelstein. In 1975, he also began teaching at Jerusalem University College
Unive
e
he
lem
ge
rsit
nd
a
F
inkelst
n tea
b
e
ga
l
Benedictions? What May We Learn from
Yardeni, we conducted a brief survey of the debris that had been destructively and illegally
along with hi
s ot
he
r dutie

along with his other duties.
s.

Perusing Archaeological Discoveries and Early
excavated at the Temple Mount by the Muslim Awaqf, and dumped in the Kidron Valley. We
T
of
, h
smi
A
fte
tea
viv Uni
e
e
rsit
e
l
ssed f
a
27
the
e
nsti
a
rom
tut
rs o
c
In 1997, after 27 years of teaching, he was dismissed from the Tel Aviv University Institute of
g
y

In 1997, a
y
r
s di
I

1

Apocalypses?
c
olog
needed help identifying and dating the small broken artifacts we had collected. After presenting
e
of
nc
a
g
Archaeology staff on the grounds of teaching incompetence. This was despite the fact that he
st
round
hin
Archa
.
This
e
y
t
c
ompete
fa
e
that he
e
s
s
s
f
f
on the
d
a
e
the
g
wa
t
pit
inc

riz
Alon P

e
.
nc
His
l
Y
e
ng
hi

n won
e
a
e
i
c
t
for
e
ga
ll
the
v
e
x
them to three senior lecturers at the university, we realized we needed better expertise.
e
c
r
was a senior lecturer and had even won the Yigal Alon Prize for teaching excellence. His
le
was a
n
a
c
d ha
nio
ture
r
d e
28

1:2 David Blumenthal
Psalm 49: A Meditation on Death

the
gside
c
take
dir
whe
staf
y
n
urr
a
on wa
ti
n a
dismissal occurred alongside many other staff members when a new direction was taken at the
r
e
t
n
w
l
lon
d a
e
man
mber
othe
s
a
We had little personal acquaintance, besides attending his class. We held much awe for him
e
c
f
dismiss
s
me
oc

a
institute. For a short time in 1997, Barkay lectured at Ben-Gurion University, and he was
rion
e
wa
or
e
d a
l
short t
t
, a
tur
y
e
c
y
n
e
rka
Gu
-
nd he
im
rsit
B
a
Unive
institute.
and were shy about addressing him on the issue. Eventually, we overcame our reservations and
F
1997, B
in

1:3 Aaron Demsky
From Writing Exercise to Literary Masterpiece:

rsit
n Unive
1).
se
B
lec
(1998
eventually appointed as a senior lecturer at Bar-Ilan University (1998-2011). Since 2008, he
d a
Ila
a
r
y
201
e
r
S

t
re
ppoint
eventuall
gave him a call on a Friday noon. To our great surprise, he told us we could come and meet
s
-
tu
nior
y
e
ince
-
2008, h
a
a
Hebrew Epigraphy and Biblical Literature
34
hin
y
t t
e
l
g
a
c
n
sit
also began teaching at the Rothberg International School at the Hebrew University.
iver
c
S
ona
n tea
ti
w U
hool at the H
bre
othber

h

I
g
rna
also bega
R
him at his home right away. I will never forget his excitement when we came over and presented
e
nte
.

the dirty material on his dining table, and I will never forget his ability to identify and date

Remembering the Covenant in Beer-Sheba: םלוע
1:4 Jan Dušek
almost all of the artifacts. Instead of criticizing us for conducting an archaeological survey
in Genesis 21:33 and Some Epigraphic Evidence

47
without an official license, which also allegedly had little archaeological value (as many

archaeologists thought at the time), he was thrilled to inspect the artifacts and praised us by
1:5 Baruch Halpern
Josiah’s Name for His Book of Torah. Stance

quoting the Mishna, Tractate Avot 2:5: "In a place where there are no men, strive to be a man."

Change in Biblical Citation.
60

Following this, Barkay and others established the Committee for the Prevention of Destruction

of Antiquities on the Temple Mount. This committee is a group of archaeologists, intellectuals,

The Growth of Pre-exilic Jerusalem According
1:6 Yigal Levin
and other prominent individuals in Israeli society who act to prevent further destruction of

79

to the Book of Chronicles
antiquities at the Temple Mount. Barkay and the late Eilat Mazar were the prominent

archaeologists in the committee, which was very active in the years 2000-2012 and conducted
Tāḥmās: What are You?
1:7 Meir Lubetski
102

many meetings with senior officials and politicians, filed several petitions to the Supreme

Court, and brought to the media's attention many incidents of antiquities destruction that
1:8 Steven M. Ortiz
The Battle at Gob: An analysis of the Gezer-Gob
occurred on the Temple Mount.

Issue in 2 Samuel 21:18 and Chronicles 20:4
119
Their actions gradually became fruitful, as the public and government officials became more

and more aware of the importance of preserving the antiquities of the Temple Mount, which

Teaching at the Rothberg International School at the Hebrew University
t
t th
o
i
o
l a
atio
1:9 Ronny Reich

n
Sch
Un
it
R
er
Teachin
al
v
at
w
g
er
s
e
r
I
b

n
A Note on ‘Ten Holinesses’ (Mishnah Kelim 1,
y
o
g
h
e
e

h
Heb
t
n
ter
even led the State Comptroller to conduct an extensive inquiry on the issue, and as for today,

k
(Photo: K
B
)
o
r

s
o
(Photo: Kate Brooks)
ate
6-9) and the Herodian Temple Mount in

and Yuval Baruch

no construction or renovation takes place on the Temple Mount without the approval and

131
Jerusalem

supervision of the Israel Antiquity Authority and some other authorities

ISBN 978
965
-
7162
-
25
-
5
ISBN 978-965-7162-25-5

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h
)
11
ar
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n
A
y
h
el
ea
i
B
.
d
)
C. McKinny, O. Schwartz, G. Barkay, A. Fantalkin, and B. Zissu (2018). “Kiriath-Jearim (Deir el-‘Azhar):
11
“
,
tal
i
Deir
.
-
Kin
B
‘
,
n
(
2
s
r
tz,
,
J
u
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n
an
ar
(

iath
w

A
1
ar
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ay
k
-
is
:
0
C. Mc
8
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s
lo
a
xp

I
ical
d
r
g
n
o
r
I
u
a
es
v
Hill
tio
C
Archae
e
”.
tig
lo

n
tr
E
n
y
an
el
tio
w
o

l
T
a
o
f
u
Jo
a
68.

J
lical
s
B
u
pp
n
i
r
ib
o
n
a
e
th
n
Archaeological Investigations of a Biblical Town in the Judean Hill Country”. Israel Exploration Journal 68. pp
n

30-49.
30-49.
XVI
both Y se on a c med MMS - e , u J d - l f turne h hin e 1995 e c w c ntl c a Printed in Israel by Kir 1970, he tea f ve n oc ppoint the fir g st - s Throughout those years until 2017, he never stopped teaching at Jerusalem University College,

nr
ms.
a
y
rs)
GRAPHY
GRAPHY
nd their
e

AN
g
si
e
3:2 Avraham Faust , which makes
e
a
O
I
a
II
membe
v
discove
PART II – EPIGRAPHY AND ICONOGRAPHY d several chapters in the final
n more
502
a
a
pro
r
y
y
whole
B
the
e
ms.

nt
g
D I
nr

d se
rk
e
ra
nific
a
membe rs) PART nd their – EP ichme ichme nt ra pro g C ON rk B a a uthor a e uthor v e ra l c ha pter s in the fina l Deuter onom y (7:9) The Northeastern Burial Field at Tel ‘Eton nt since it has
publication and published additional papers about finds from the excavation.
6
9

6
and Eyal Baruch the biblical research Documentary Hypothesis.
publication and published additional papers about finds from the excavation. impli c a t ions for
The Ketef Hinnom excavation also yielded rich and rare finds from many other periods of
2:1 Robe
rt D

The Bulla of “Shema, Servant of Jeroboam” An

utsch

,
2:1 Robert Deutsch, The Bulla of “Shema, Servant of Jeroboam” An

e
Andre Andre Lemaire, Embarrassing Forgery 136 136 Jerusalem, such as several rifles from the Ottoman period, an extremely rare 4th-c 526

e
Embarrassing Forgery

The Well in the Northeast Corner of Tel Lachish entury CE
m
L
a
ire
,
3:3 Yosef Garfinkel,
Gabriel Barkay,

Gabrie l B a rk a y , coin minted in the Kingdom of Axum in Ethiopia, remains of a Byzantine church (probably the
Gabriel Pieter G e rt va ha k e r V e e n "Church of St. George Extramuros" (outside of the walls)), the first Roman soldiers' cremation
3:4 Alon Shavit
n d
Pieter Gert van der Veen
Muslim Burial Practice in Light of the Findings
and Da
tz
I
and David Itzhak
of the Excavation at the Mamilla Cemetery in r small finds,
vid
discovered in Jerusalem, burials from the Second Temple period, and many othe
Jerusalem

545

Tell this Man the Meaning of his Vision (Daniel, 8:16) especially jewelry, from all the periods the site was occupied. It is also notewor thy to mention
2:2 Alexander Fantalkin Two Persian Period Aramaic Inscriptions from

2:2 Ale x a é nde e r F a ntalkin Two Persian Period Aramaic Inscriptions from 150 that this excavation Israeli archaeology encountered the fiercest clash with extreme ultra-
and Andr
L

and André Lemaire Yavneh Yam
Yavneh Yam
150
e
3:5 David Ussishkin
On the Fortifications of Betar, Bar-Kochba’s

orthodox groups that oppose excavations of ancient burials by archaeologists.

mair

Last Stronghold 571
g
a
A Palimpsest Palaeo-Hebrew Ostracon Revisited 158
2:3 Michael Langlois
l L
n
Studies in Archaeology, Epigraphy, Iconography 2:3 Micha é e L e mair loi s A Palimpse st Pal ae o - He bre w Ostracon R e v isi ted 158 3:6 Boaz Zissu A Rock-Cut Tomb at Iyyei Nahash in the Judean

e
and André Lemaire

and Andr

and the Biblical World in Honor of Gabriel Barkay Shephelah 583
Dual in Earl
Dual in Early Aramaic and Tel Dan Stele
y
e
Aramaic
2:4 André Lemaire
l Dan Stele
and T
On the Occasion of his 80 Birthday (22 June 2024) 2:4 Andr é L e mair e Barkay Barkay inspecting an Iron Age Jerusalem burial cave 170 170
th
n I
e

ge
ec
A
m
J
v
r
u
g
s
a
us
r
o
n
ial ca
a
l
p
b
in
tin
e

r
e

(Image(s) courtesy of www.HolyLandPhotos.org)
(Image(s) courtesy of www.HolyLandPhotos.org)
–
s
2:5 Alan Mil lar d Scroll Scrolls – Little or Large 185 185 CONTRIBUTORS
or L

a
e
rge
L

it
tl
2:5 Alan Millard

his work at Lachish, in 1975, Barkay began the excavation that would gain him
Alongside his work at Lachish, in 1975, Barkay began the excavation that would gain him side
Along worldwide publicity ti uk Inscriptions that Confirm 16 Hebrew Kings: construct a Prof. Rami Arav – University of Nebraska at Omaha (Emeritus)
c
2:6 Lawrence J. Mykytiuk Inscriptions that Confirm 16 Hebrew Kings:
2:6 La
J
n
re
. M
w
y
e
y
a
t

c
worldwide publi
k at "Ketef Hinnom." The Rothschild Foundation planned to construct a "Ketef Hinnom." The Rothschild Foundation planned to
y
it
ory
urrent Pe
building on the sit e , a n d a sa lvage e A Thumbnail History and Current Percentages 191 The 7
ntages
A Thumbnail Hist

e
rc
c
x
building on the site, and a salvage excavation was
on wa
a
191 The
va
s
and C required prior the construction.required prior the construction.
ti
7

exca excavation took place over about seven seasons sporadically until 1994, uncovering seven vation took place over about seven seasons sporadically until 1994, uncovering seven Dr. Gabriel Barkay – Formerly Bar Ilan University

ight
Hezekiah’s Years of Reign in Light of the

2:7 Na
v Na
man
Hezek

of t
iah’s Y
2:7 Nadav Na’aman
e
da
’a
ign i
he
ars of
the
irst
burial
nd of
n
e
e
ve
a
P
F
e
8
to
s
g
c
e
e
riod
.
ti
th
da
T
n L Among these was a burial system
burial caves dating to the end of the First Temple Period.
8
mpl
Re Among these was a burial system

Edited by with a with an untouched repository, the only Iron Age burial in Jerusalem discovered with a 216 Dr. Yuval Baruch – Israel Antiquities Authority; The School of Archaeology and

e
Epigraphi
c
Ev
Epigraphic Evidence
idenc

onl
lem
g
d re
,
e

r
disc
216 with all its ll its
a
or
I
l in J
on
d
e
y
buri
the
ove
untouche
it
rusa
re
A
y
pos
n
contents in situ, and among one of the richest in all Israel. It contained over one thousand items in situ, and among one of the richest in all Israel. It contained over one thousand items
Robert Deutsch and André Lemaire contents Maritime Cultures, University of Haifa
pe
P
T
rts
e
e
tual
231
The “Experts” of Ugarit: The Textual Evidence 231
e
2:8 De
The “
nnis
Ev
Ex
rde

a
idenc
”
ve
te
r
st
a
ssels,
and at least 95 individuals. It included 263 complete vessels, arrowheads, other metal objects,
e
s.
vidual
95 indi
and at lea 2:8 Dennis Pardee I t includ e d 263 c ompl of Ugari t: T he row x he a ds, ot he r meta l obje c ts, Prof. David Blumenthal - Emory University (Retired)

bone
bone and ivory objects, inlay pieces, a hoard of jewelry items, glass vessels, alabaster vessels, and ivory objects, inlay pieces, a hoard of jewelry items, glass vessels, alabaster vessels,
a silve a silver signet ring, an ancient Hebrew seal, and many more rare finds.
n
il
2:9 Robert Silverman Early Epigraphic Evidence for the ‘Aleinu
rt S

rma
Early Epigraphic Evidence for the ‘Aleinu
2:9 Robe
ve
e
n
a
e
finds.
a
re
ient He
mor
g
a
, a
w se
n
e
r sig
n
t rin
y
r
br
c

l, and m
n a
The most and James Ford finds were the two famous silver amulets, which are among the most significant le-Shabeach Prayer amulets, 333 333 Prof. James Charlesworth – Princeton Theological Seminary (Emeritus)

and Ja
ord
mes F
The most significant finds were the two famous silver
le-Shabeach Prayer which are among the most
importa
important archaeological discoveries shedding light on the Bible. The amulets were discovered nt archaeological discoveries shedding light on the Bible. The amulets were discovered
2:10 S
2:10 Stefan Wimmer Whose Year 32

Whose Year 32

a
n W
im
tef

d
y
in 1979 but were only deciphered in 1986 after they had been opened in the Israel Museum
Museum
n
d
Manuscript editing: Pamela Meron in 1979 but we re onl mer e c ipher e d in 1986 a fte r t he y ha d b e e ope ne in the I sra e l 342 342 Prof. Aaron Demsky – Bar Ilan University (Emeritus)

labs. The text on the amulets amazed the scholarly world of biblical archaeology since they The text on the amulets amazed the scholarly world of biblical archaeology since they
Barkay at one of the burials at Ketef Hinnom
labs. included the p a dok A Pre A Preliminary Prosopographical Evaluation Dr. Robert Deutsch – Formerly University of Haifa
Prosopographi
2:11 R
aluat
ion

minary
li
2:11 Ran Zadok
al Ev
c
a
include
d
n Z the priestly benediction verses from Numbers 6: 24:27. These are the earliest riestly benediction verses from Numbers 6: 24:27. These are the earliest
Gabriel Barkay, 2012
Gabriel B a r k ay , 2012 appea r appearances of biblical verses known today and indicate that during the Iron Age II there was (Courtesy of the Ketef Hinnom excavation)

351
ion Bow

ls
antat

351
of the Incantation Bowls
of the Inc
w
s
g
known
s
nc
ndica
y
l
a
ther
toda
rse
ve
II
ica
e
e
a
nd i

a
the
te
bibl
r
A
s
of
on
e
that during
I
(Photo by Robert Deutsch)
(Photo by R ober t D eut sc h ) a pra In 1984, Barkay had the privilege to excavate the prominent site of Ramat Rachel which was
Dr. Jan Dušek – Charles University, Prague
a practice of wearing apotropaic text on the body. ctice of wearing apotropaic text on the body.
With the 2:12 Ziony Zevit Six Priests on a Pit hos read and identified using the focus of a controversy between Yigael Yadin and Yochanan Aharoni. The former dated the

441

Z
e
vit
441
2:12 Z
ion

lp
y help of additional scholars, in 2004, further text was of additional scholars, in 2004, further text
Six Priests on a Pithos was read and identified using
With the
he
Mr. Zachi Dvira - Bar-Ilan University

innovative photography techniques and digital imaging. The new text included a verse from photography techniques and digital imaging. The new text included a verse from
innovative site to Athaliah, the queen of Judah in the 9th century BCE, while the latter identified it with a
East Arabi
Z

ate

iff

e
A South-East Arabian Bowl in a Private
rit
r
v
2:13 I 2:13 Irit Ziffer A South - on an Bowl in a Pri 464 464 palace built in the 6th century BCE by King Jehoiakim. Barkay found under the palace LMLK

ti
Prof. Alexander Fantalkin, Tel Aviv University
Collection
Collec

jar handles which date the earlier phase to the 8th century BCE, and suggested it was

10
reconstructed shortly afterward, perhaps at the time of King Hezekiah or Manasseh. Thus,
Tel-Aviv, Israel
a
B
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2024 Barka 7 Eventually they changed their plans to another location. ow e r in Iron Age II 9 G. Barkay, et. Al. (2004). "The Amulets from Ketef Hinnom: A New Edition and Evaluation". Bulletin of the
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Prof. Yosef Garfinkel – Hebrew University, Jerusalem

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