Page 188 - BAB I-V ADATMINANG

out "ethische politiek". 131 Ethische politiek is a policy of

reciprocation carried out by the Dutch government against
Indonesia by establishing schools for natives.

In history, as quoted by Azyumardi Azra from

taufik Abdullah, which comes from J. Ballot in his book Memorie
Van Overgrave (1916), "that the first formal education organized

by the Dutch government in Minangkabau villages was in 1910
which was called the people's school. (volks school). In 1913 the

number reached 111 and increased again to 358 in 1915.” 132
The following describes the nature of education

contained in Minang customs:

1. Informal education
Informal education is education organized

by the family and is natural which is the first and foremost
environment for students to acquire. Therefore, the family

is the first unit of life recognized by the child.
2. Non-formal education

Non-formal education is held by the

community as well as education carried out by socio-
religious organizations or institutions such as recitation (a

131 Azyumardi Azra, Islamic Education; tradition and modernization
towards the new millennium, (Jakarta: Logos Wacana Ilmu, 2000) cet. II, p.
140
132 Azyumardi Azra, Islamic Education, p. 140