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218 √«¡º≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß»“ μ√“®“√¬å∏“π‘π∑√å °√—¬«‘‡™’¬√
NIL CONSENSUI TAM CONTRARIUM EST QUAM VIS ATQUE METUS.
Nothing is so contrary to consent as force and fear.
‰¡à¡’ ‘Ëß„¥‡ªìπªØ‘ªí°…åμàÕ§«“¡¬‘π¬Õ¡‡∑à“°—∫°“√∂Ÿ°∫—ߧ—∫·≈–§«“¡‡°√ß°≈—«
NON POTEST ADDUCI EXCEPTIO EJUSDEM REI CUJUS PETITUR
DISSOLUTIO.
It is not permitted to adduce a plea of the matter in issue as a bar
thereto.
‘Ëß´÷Ë߇ªìπª√–‡¥Áπ„π«‘∏’æ‘®“√≥“§¥’ ®–¬°¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ¢âÕμ—¥ ‘∑∏‘„¥Ê ‰¡à‰¥â
NON QUOD VOLUIT TESTATOR, SED QUOD DIXIT IN TESTA-
MENTO INSPICITUR.
Not what the testator wished, but what he said, is considered in
construing a will.
¡‘„™àμ“¡∑’˺Ÿâ∑”æ‘π—¬°√√¡μ—Èß„® ·μàμ“¡∑’ˇ¢“‰¥â查π—Ëπ·À≈–∑’Ë®–∂◊Õ‡ªìπ∫∑
μ’§«“¡„πæ‘π—¬°√√¡‰¥â
NON VALET DONATIO NISI SUBSEQUATUR TRADITIO.
A gift is invalid unless accompanied by transfer of possession.
°“√„Àâ¬àÕ¡‰¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥凫âπ·μà®–‰¥â‚Õπ°“√§√Õ∫§√Õ߉ª¥â«¬
NOVA CONSTITUTIO FUTURIS FORMAN IMPONERE DEBET, NON
PRAETERITIS.
A new law ought to impose upon what is to follow, not on the past.
°ÆÀ¡“¬„À¡àæ÷ß„™â∫—ߧ—∫„πÕπ“§μ À“æ÷ß∫—ߧ—∫¬âÕπÀ≈—߉¡à
