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Õ¬à“ß¡’§«“¡À¡“¬‡ªìπ çANDé À√◊Õ§”«à“ ç·≈–é ∑’ˇªìπ§«“¡À¡“¬Õ¬à“ß°«â“ß´÷Ë߇ªìπ
‰ª‰¥â„π‡™‘ß¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…∑’˧”«à“ çÀ√◊Õé Õ“®®–À¡“¬∂÷ß ‘Ëß„¥ ‘ËßÀπ÷Ëß À√◊ÕÀ¡“¬∂÷ß ‘Ëß
∑’˰≈à“«¡“·≈â«∑—ÈßÀ¡¥°Á‰¥â ‡™àπ There are people without homes, jobs or
families. ¡“μ√“ Ù «√√§Àπ÷Ëß ¢Õߪ√–¡«≈°ÆÀ¡“¬·æàß·≈–æ“≥‘™¬å¢Õ߇√“®÷ßπà“®–
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çIn the Swiss Civil code, which provides that the judge shall apply its provision
in accordance with the spirit rather than the letter of the text.é (H.C. Gutteridge.
Comparative Law (London : Cambridge University Press. 1971) p. 103) : Ivy
Williams. The Sources of Law in the Swiss Civil Code. Ibid. pp. 42-49.