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476 √«¡º≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß»“ μ√“®“√¬å∏“π‘π∑√å °√—¬«‘‡™’¬√

æ‘®“√≥“‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕßÊ ‰ª ‰¡àÕ“®®–«“ßÀ≈—°«‘π‘®©—¬Õ—π쓬엫‰¥â : J.A. Jolowicz and
th
T.Ellis, ed. Winfield on Tort; 8 edition; London: Sweet and Maxwell

(1967), p. 639. Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡ ‡´Õ√å ‡ø√‡¥Õ√‘§ æÕ≈≈ÁÕ§ ‡ÀÁπ«à“ ªí≠À“π’Èπà“∑’Ë®–«“ß
À≈—°«‘π‘®©—¬‰¥â«à“ ç„π¢≥–∑’Ë≈Ÿ°®â“ß°√–∑”≈–‡¡‘¥π—Èπ ≈Ÿ°®â“߉¥â°√–∑”ß“πμ“¡∑“ß°“√

∑’Ë®â“ߢÕß𓬮â“ßÀ√◊Õ°√–∑”‡√◊ËÕß à«πμ—«¢Õß≈Ÿ°®â“߇Õß ∂Ⓡªìπ‡√◊ËÕß à«πμ—«¢Õß≈Ÿ°®â“߇Õß

𓬮â“߬àÕ¡‰¡àμâÕß√—∫º‘¥√à«¡°—∫≈Ÿ°®â“ß„πº≈·Ààß°“√≈–‡¡‘¥π—Èπé: P.A. Landon, ed.
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Pollockûs Law of Torts; 15 edition: London: Stevens and Sons Limited
(1951), p. 67.

¡§«√æ‘®“√≥“§¥’¢Õß»“≈Õ—ß°ƒ…∑’Ë¡’¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß„π§¥’μ“¡

§”æ‘æ“°…“»“≈Æ’°“©∫—∫π’Ȫ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬

„𧥒 Whatman v. Pearson (1868) L.R. 3 C.P. 422 ≈Ÿ°®â“ߺŸâ¢—∫√∂¡â“

‰¥â√—∫Õπÿ≠“μ„À≪√—∫ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√°≈“ß«—π Ò ™—Ë«‚¡ß ·μà‰¥â√—∫§” —Ëß°”™—∫®“°π“¬®â“ß

¥â«¬«à“ Àâ“¡¡‘„Àâª≈àÕ¬∑‘Èß√∂·≈–¡â“‰«âμ“¡≈”æ—ß ·≈–Àâ“¡¡‘„ÀâÕÕ°‰ª®“°∑’Ë∑’Ë∑”ß“π
·μà∫—߇Ց≠∫â“π¢Õß≈Ÿ°®â“ßÕ¬Ÿà·∂«π—Èπ‡Õß ≈Ÿ°®â“ßΩÉ“Ωó𧔠—Ëß𓬮â“߉ª√—∫ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√

∑’Ë∫â“π¢Õßμπ ª≈àÕ¬∑‘Èß√∂·≈–¡â“‰«âμ“¡≈”æ—ß∑’ËÀπ⓪√–μŸ∫â“π¢Õßμπ ¡â“æ“√∂«‘Ë߉ª

™π√“«√—È«∫â“π‚®∑°å‡ ’¬À“¬ »“≈«‘π‘®©—¬«à“ §π¢—∫√∂°√–∑”≈–‡¡‘¥ „π∑“ß°“√∑’Ë®â“ß
‡æ√“–°“√√—°…“√∂·≈–‡≈’ȬߥŸ¡â“Õ¬Ÿà„πÕ”π“®Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß≈Ÿ°®â“ß„π√–À«à“߇«≈“∑’Ë®â“ß

§¥’„À¡àÊ ∑’Ëμ—¥ ‘π„π∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—∫§¥’π’È °Á¡’ ‡™àπ Harvey v. R.G.O, Dell Ltd.

(1958) 2 Q.B. 78;

§¥’ Storey v. Ashton (1869) L.R. 4 Q.B. 476. ¡’¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß«à“ √–À«à“ß∑’Ë

≈Ÿ°®â“ß´÷Ë߇ªìπ§π¢—∫√∂¢—∫√∂‡ª≈à“°≈—∫∑’Ë∑”ß“π¢Õß𓬮â“ßπ—Èπ ≈Ÿ°®â“ßÕ’°§πÀπ÷Ëß™«π
§π¢—∫√∂¢—∫√∂ÕÕ°πÕ°∑“߉ª¬—ß∫â“π¢Õß≈Ÿ°®â“ߺŸâ™—°™«π‡æ◊ËÕ‡Õ“ ‘ËߢÕß∫“ßÕ¬à“ß

„π√–À«à“ߢ—∫√∂‰ª∫â“π≈Ÿ°®â“ߺŸâ™—°™«ππ—Èπ ≈Ÿ°®â“ߢ—∫√∂∑—∫‚®∑°å »“≈«‘π‘®©—¬«à“𓬮â“ß

‰¡àμâÕß√—∫º‘¥ ‡æ√“–¢≥–‡°‘¥‡Àμÿπ—Èπ≈Ÿ°®â“ß¡‘‰¥â°√–∑”ß“πμ“¡∑“ß°“√∑’Ë®â“ß À“°·μà
°√–∑”‡æ◊ËÕª√–‚¬™πå¢Õßμπ‡ÕßÀ√◊Õ¢Õ߇æ◊ËÕπ≈Ÿ°®â“ߺŸâ™—°™«π ”À√—∫§¥’„À¡àÊ ∑’Ë«‘π‘®©—¬

„π·π«‡¥’¬«°—π°—∫§¥’π’È¡’Õ“∑‘ ‡™àπ A. & W. Hemphill Ltd. v. Williams (1966)

S.L.T. 33. ·≈– Hilton v. Thomas Burton (Rhodes) Ltd. (1961) W.L.R. 705.