Page 1086 - The Toxicology of Fishes

1066 The Toxicology of Fishes

enterocytes, 407 total organic carbon (TOC), 884
PCB 126, and, 410 total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC),
Oreochromis niloticus, 189, 331, 355 303, 308, 694
BaP, and, 511 total suspended solids (TSS), 944
chlorpyrifos, and, 505 toxaphene, 11, 91, 438, 476, 806, 824, 848
dioxin, and, 508 -resistant fish, 609
DMBA, and, 512 toxic signaling, 828
granulocytes, 495, 496 Toxic Substances Control Act, 418, 767
immune assays, 498 toxicant– receptor interaction, 604
lindane, and, 507 toxicants
mercury, and, 503 reference, 673
methylmercury, and, 848 sensitivity to, 599–600
thymus, 490 toxicity
pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile treatment, acute, 5, 660, 787, 788, 801, 807, 944,
173 949–950, 953
signal transduction pathways in, 463 AhR-mediated, 826–827, 838, 850, 858
Tilapia nilotica, 505 behavioral, 808
TILLING, 250 cardiovascular, 829, 830
time-independent toxicity tests, 675 chronic, 5, 807, 808
time–mortality lines, 669 curves, 669
time to death, 676 dermal, 822
tin, 499, 503–504 developmental, 822, 827, 828, 829–831,
inorganic, 503 832–833, 897
organic, 441 dietary, 797–799
organic species of, 35 early life stage, 822, 838
tissue endocrine, 467–474
affinity, 80–81 immune system as target organ of, 489–513
–blood partition coefficient, 108, 119, 120 liver, 327–378
gluathione levels in, 303 malathion-induced, 505
glucuronides in, 186 neurotoxin, 443–445
lipids, 127 nonselective, 664
partitioning, 123 permethrin, 506
-to-blood concentration gradient, 78 pyrethroid, 807–810
volume, 108 receptor-mediated, 235–259
T-lymphocytes, 490, 491, 492, 496, 498, 500, 503, reproductive, 819–861, 895–897, 906, 908,
505 910, 945, 950, 953, 976–982
TMA oxygenase, 175–176 resistance, 5, 597–627
TNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (TNP-KLH), costs associated with, 621–626
898 stereoselective, 812–813
toadfish (Opsanus tau), 329, 349 studies, see toxicity tests
tocopherols, 283, 285, 293, 296 target organ, 236, 489–513
tocotrienols, 285 tests, see toxicity tests
tolerance, 597–627 thyroid, 847
biochemical mechanisms of, 604–608 zonal, 350, 370
creosote, 618–620 toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs), 509, 688,
dioxin-like compounds, 611–616 826, 835–840, 850, 851, 852, 860
environmental contaminants, and, 601–603 toxicity identification evaluation (TIE), 678, 949,
factors influencing, 600–601 955–956, 983–985
PAHs, 618–620 toxicity reduction evaluations (TREs), 678, 955
tomcod, see Atlantic tomcod toxicity tests, 4, 659–679, 733, 734, 745, 758, 772,
tomtate (Haemulon aurolineatum), 166 797, 949–951
topminnow, 290 acute, 660, 662, 675–676, 808, 809, 813,
Torpedo californica, 445 949–950, 954