Page 1082 - The Toxicology of Fishes

1062 The Toxicology of Fishes

simian sarcoma virus oncogene (sis), 557 sonic hedgehog protein, 419
simulation, 771 soot carbon, 130
singlet oxygen, 276, 300, 544 soot, BaP in, 43
Sinnularia maxima, 166 southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma), 204
sinusoidal endothelial cells, 340–341, 368 dinoflagellates, and, 444
sis, 557 taurine conjugates in, 206
β-sitosterol, 468 sox9b, 253
skate, little (Raja erinacea), 86, 196, 361, 363 SoxR protein, 286
bile secretion in, 363 space of Disse, 331, 336, 340
hepatocytes, 85 Spaerium corneum, 43
OATPs in, 362 Sparus aurata, 188, 493, 547
skin, 57, 75–77, 78, 79, 112–114, 126, 204, 329, spasms, 434
357, 401, 492, 493, 494, 535, 829 spawning, 81, 82, 91
biotransformation in, 209 stimulants, 186
chemical accumulation via, 9, 13–16 Spearman’s coefficient of rank, 746
chemical flux at, 119, 126 speciation
ion trapping across, 62 chemical, 11, 13, 15, 18, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31,
neoplasms, 535, 574 32, 34, 35, 44, 603
papillomas, 537 at gill surface, 14
permeability, 702 copper speciation, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34
permeability coefficient, 114 organometals, 35
surface area, 77, 119 phenols, 28
xenobiotic absorption by, 63 species differences, 570–571
skin–blood equilibrium partition coefficient, 114 species richness, 745
skin–water equilibrium partition coefficient, 114 specific growth rates (SGRs), 706
slickens, 783, 784, 785, 786 sperm, 81, 461
slope, of concentration–response curve, 668–669 hyperactivity, 462
small heart syndrome, 830 motility, 461, 462, 465, 473–474, 990
smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), 77 spermatids, 461
gonad development in, 81 spermatocytes, 461
macrophages, 495 spermatogenesis, 459, 460, 461, 507, 986, 990
polychlorinated biphenyls, and, 510 spermatozoa, 461
smelting, 35, 779–785, 790, 795, 796, 881 maturation-inducing steroids, and, 461
smoltification, 568, 990 spermiogenesis, 461
smooth dogfish (Mustelis canis), AhRs in, 827 Sphyraena barracuda, 179
snapper, mahogany (Lutjanus mahogoni), spinal cord, 419, 420, 422, 427, 444, 445
ciguatera toxins, and, 444 differentiation, 422
sodium, 21, 24, 28–29, 31, 33, 34, 362, 435, 440 phenol, and, 430
-channel activators, 443, 444 polar narcotics, and, 430
-channel blockers, 404, 444 spinal ganglia, 423
channels, 438, 443, 444, 808 spindle cell tumors, 548, 561
chloride, 673 spiny dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias)
gradients, 63 AhRs in, 827
loss, 403 bile secretion in, 363
pentachlorophenate, 673 splake, 182
soil–water partitioning, 744 spleen, 75, 78, 329, 342, 374, 423, 490, 492, 503,
sole (Solea ovata), BaP exposure, and, 372, 373, 506, 711
374, 375, 376 CYP3A expression in, 174
solubility, 60, 62, 82, 134, 184, 201, 207, 330, Spodoptera frugiperda, 167, 168
350, 601, 602, 603, 606, 678, 807, 809 spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), 329
somatomedins, 330 spotted sand bass (Paralabrax
somatostatins, 423 maculatofasciatus), hepatocytes, lipofuscin
somitogenesis, 250 in, 372