Page 10 - Full Solutions 2nd Advanced Student Book_Neat

5 Match the highlighted adverbs in the text with their
equivalents.
B A Canadian invention
1 by and large 7 untidily
2 staunchly 8 paradoxicaIty
James Naismith was a Canadian physical education instructor
3 swiftly
who worked at the yMCA (young Men s Christian Association) 9 extensively
4 purportedly 10 unambiguousty
training school in Springfield, Massachusetts, in the USA. ln
5 effectivety
1891, he was asked to devise a new sport which the students 11 forwards
6 thereby
could play indoors during the winter to stave off boredom. 12 vaguety
Naismith came up with a game which involved two teams of
LOOK OUT!
nine players trying t0 throw a ball into peach baskets which
were fixed to the wall at either end of the gym. lt was loosely Words with the same meaning do not atways collocate in
,Duck
based on a game from his own childhood called the same way. For example, we can say This is your big
on a
rock'. 0n l5 January 1gg2, he published the rules of his new chance! but not This is your lorge chancel, even though
game, which he called basketball. Naismith,s handwritten
big and large are synonyms. A good dictionary witt include
information about cottocations.
diaries, which were discovered by his granddaughter in 2006,
reveal that he was anxious about the new game ind thought it
would prove a failure, like many other atte;pts at inventing new
Read the Look out! box. Then complete the sentences with
indoor sports. 0n the contrary, the game was a huge success
the adverb (a-c) that collocates best.
and rapidly became very popular throughout the USA, spreading
across the c0untry through the nehryork of yMCA gyms and 1 The practice oftaking drugs to enhance athletic
beyond. (lronically, the yMCA performance is agreed to have begun in ancient
banned the game from its gyms
Greece.
a few years later because it was too rough-.) In 1gg3, iron lioops
a largely
with nets were introduced to replace thJoriginal baskets. - b generally c chiefly
2 ln the 1930s, the first amphetamines were produced, but
However, it was another ten years before open_ended nets were
developed; pri0r to that, players had to climb up and retrieve the were not available for a few decades.
ball from the net whenever a basket was scored. a widely b broadty c extensivety
3 At the 1952 Otympics, speed skaters who had taken
amphetamines became itt.
a grimty b gravety c solemnly
C An all-American sport 4 ln 1.968, the lnternationa[
- 0tympic Committee issued
its first Iist of substances that athletes were
ln 1905, a famous sportswriter named Henry Chadwick wrote prohibited from taking.
an article suggesting that baseball evolved from the old English
game of rounders. This upset Albert Spalding, one of the game's a firmly b rigorousty c strictly
earliest players and a manufacturer o{ sports equipment He 5 ln 1.991., twenty ex-East German swimming coaches
resolutely refused t0 accept that the great American game did admitted giving anabotic steroids to their former
not originate in America. So Spalding organised a commission of charges during the 1970s.
seven prominent and patriotic men to determine the 'true origin' a openly b overtty c plainly
of baseball. The project was widely reported in the newspapers' 6 ln 1,994, renowned footballer Diego Maradona
ln charge of the commission was Colonel Mills of New York' He was banned from the World Cup for taking drugs.
had played baseball before and during the Civil War and was the a gtobatty b universally c internationally
fourth president of the National League in 1884 The commission's
investigations were essentially at a dead end until Abner Graves, 7 ln 2003, a British sprinter called Dwain Chambers tested
positive for THG, a
a mining engineer from Denver who was travelling through 0hio invented steroid.
at the time, happened t0 see a newspaper article about it' He a freshly b tatety c newly
sat down in his hotel room and wrote a long letter to the Mills 8 Today, while the vast malority of people are
Commission. Iri the letter, Graves stated categorically that at opposed to the use of drugs in sport, detection remains a
Cooperstown in 1839 he had watched a US army officer called real problem for the governing bodies.
Abner Doubleday scratching out a baseball pitch on the ground a staunchly b securely c steadily
and instructing other y0ung men how to play baseball with
teams of eleven players and four bases' Graves described how ffi Discuss the question in groups. Then compare
the ball that they used was made of roughly-stitched horse-hide your ideas with the class.
and stuffed with rags. The Mills commissioners and Spalding
were elated. They promptly proclaimed baseball was invented lf you could 'un-invent' one sport so that it no [onger
by an American army officel Abner Doubleday, in Cooperstown existed, which woutd you choose, and why?
in 1839. The only evidence for this was the testimony of Graves,
who was perhaps notthe most reliable of witnesses' A year later,
he murdered his wife and was committed to an asylum for the
criminally insane.

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Unit 1 Beginnings I t