Page 115 - Full Solutions 2nd Advanced Student Book_Neat

f4lilf#Ftll|filTfi! Read the text in the Reading exam task, 3 Read the information about synonyms of old and complete
ignoring the gaps. ln what order will the Sun turn into these the sentences with the adiectives in the correct form, Justify
types of star? your choice of adiective.
a a black dwarf b a red giant c a white dwarf
5YI*ONYM5
2 oo the Reading exam task. old
elderly aeed . long-lived. mature
"
These words all describe si: who has lived for a long time
or th.rr usually live5 lor a long time.
Read the text carefully and decide which sentence (A-F)
old having Iived for a long trme; no longer young: She's
best fits each gap (1-5). There is one sentence that you getlingold \h€ \ 75 next \ror.
etrlerly (ratherlormal) used as a polite rvor<J {or 'rild': She
do not need.
is very busy mringfor two elderly relatives.
aged (formofl verv old: Har tng agetl relativet lo slay in
The end of the world yout houte tan be quitc strp\5lul.
long-lived havirrg a long lite: lasting lor a long time:
fveryone in my lontily is uteplionally long.lived.
The Sun is now approximately half-way through its life span. lt is
rrlat$r€ used as a polite or humorous way of saying that
in a 'dynamic equilibrium' - there is gravity on one hand and the :b rs no longer you ng: dothes Jor thc malure woman
1!
fusion process that'fuels'the Sun on the other hand.
Astronomers still don't know all the exact details but they know 1 The person in the world is 177.
2 A 4}}-year-old clam may be the
thatthe Sun will startto swell up and turn into a red giantwith a animal known.
,fl
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diameter about 100 times greater than its current size. The 3 There are over eleven miltion peopte in the United
-
Earth will be scorched at this point, leaving the planet unsuitable Kingdom, according to the most recent census
for life. Pluto, in fact, would be the only place suitable for any life 4 This particular dating agency is for men and women of
in the solar system. At the very end of its life cycle, the Sun is likely vpa rq
to blow off its outermost layers. lt will then shrink to the size of the 5 Women have traditionally borne the brunt of supporting
Earth, surrounded by a glowing bubble of gas called 'planetary relatives.
3f-l
nebulae'. Astronomers have observed many Sun-like stars
4 Do the Speaking exam task.
in their final stages, before becoming white dwarfs. The images of
planetary nebulae are spectacular and each looks like no other.
The expelled gas has intriguing symmetrical patterns as well as
more chaotic structures. Compare and contrast the two photographs. Answer the
A white dwarf derived from a star as massive as the Sun will questions.
be roughly the same slze as the Earth. 'I tfre gravity on the
surface will be over 100,000 times what we experience on Earth!
0nce the white dwarf has reached its minimum size, it will have a
temperature of over 100,000 Kelvin and shine through residual heat.
5f-l
Because the Universe is only 13.7 billion years old, there are
no black dwarfs yet.
0ne thing is for sure: if the human race hasn't migrated to another
solar system within the next five billion years, it is sure to become
extinct.
A The star will gradually cooI and eventually, after
hundreds of bittions of years of radiating, it witt no
longer be visible, becoming a black dwarf.
B The gases will eventuatty disperse in the course of
severaI thousand years [eaving behind a white dwarf.
C lt wilt be so dense that a teaspoon of white dwarf
material wilt weigh severaI tonnes.
It will continue to burn in this stabLe condition for a
further five bitlion years, when it will start to change. 7 ln your opinion, at what age do peopte become 'old'?
This means that the radiation, which initiatty will be 2 What effect wi[[ increasing life expectancy have on
very high, wit[ lessen with time. soci ety?
It witt be so big that it witI engutf Mercury, while Venus What, if anything, can we learn from talking to etderly
witl probabty orbit iust outside the Sun's surface. peopte? Give examples.

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