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1.5 Diagnosis of Hypothyroidism

The best way to diagnose hypothyroidism is by performing a blood test which measures
both the T4 and TSH levels.

Treatment of Hypothyroidism

It is treated with thyroxin replacement. This is given as a small pill daily, has no side
effects and almost no allergic reactions.

1.6 Underwriting implications of hypothyroidism

In most cases, thyroid levels return to normal with proper treatment. However, thyroid
hormone replacement must be taken for the rest of life.

No additional risk is seen in cases of adult hypothyroidism. Only presence of coronary
artery disease indicates a poor prognosis.

1.7 Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism refers to over-active of the thyroid gland. It is also known as
thyrotoxicosis.

1.8 Causes of hyperthyroidism

a) Graves' disease
b) Toxic nodule
c) Excessive iodine ingestion
d) Toxic multi-nodular goiter

1.9 Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthroidism is confirmed by performing a blood test which measures both T4 and ISH
Levels. In hyperthyroidism TAI level would be high and the TSH level would be very
low.

Treatment of Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is mainly treated in three ways:

a) medication
b) radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) and
c) surgery

1.10 Thyroid nodules

Most are either simple overgrowths of normal thyroid tissue, fluid containing cysts or
slowly growing benign tumors called adenomas. A small percentage these nodules can be
cancerous. The risk of thyroid cancer is higher if there is history of radiation to the head

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