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immoral king, ruler, and leader. They follow the leader who takes full responsibility
harmoniously and morally. The tenfold virtue of ruler is as follow: 117

1) Dāna means charity and sharing. As a leader, one needs to support the
worker or the colleges with properties when they are in need. Dāna is not just charity

that gives only, it is also to provide for those who have done well.

2) Sīla means morality or good conduct. It can be called rule, law, and
principle of human being or ruler. For a good leader who does as he said and says as he

behaved, honesty or morality is the glue of his uniform of leadership. He must be the
norm of his country or organization as a moral successful leader or king.

3) Pariccāga means philanthropy, working selflessly, and being sacrificed
generously. A successful king knows this truth: Philanthropy is a work of great man

that can be experienced by heart. A good leader always tries to scarify his personal

comfort for the sake of people in his country.
4) Ajjava means honesty, uprightness, carry out, and taking responsibility

for organizational duties sincerely for the benefit of his community.
5) Maddava means gentleness, calm, and kind to his cooperators without

arrogance and blaming others. For a good leader must behave with gentle manner, and
loyalty instead of ordering the colleges like a boss with harsh and conceited to let them

awe on oneself.

6) Tapa means self-control, penance, and austerity. As a great leader of any
perspective, sometimes must reject the luxury furniture, and sensual pleasure less than

his followers. To be equal to the colleges, to maintain self-control, to practice good

manners, and to earn respect of others are important.
7) Akkodha means Absence of anger, free from hatred, and the source of

patience. As a great leader of the country must cultivate loving kindness for the benefit
of the country. In general, followers do not want to participate in the community that is

led by a leader with a short temper. By lacking anger, and cultivating loving kindness
the leader becomes gentle, beloved by people, and organization will be pleasant. Even

117 J III 274. ; Phra Brahmagunabhorn (P.A. Payutto), A Constitution for Living,
(Bangkok: Dhammasapa, 2012), pp. 26-27.