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4) He must try his best and protect for the benefit of his master’s business
as his own work.

5) He must be always proud and speak it out about the virtue of his master.

3.4 The Qualities of Leadership from Theravāda Perspective

In this section, as over hun dred qualities of leadership according to
Theravāda perspective which are learnable in Buddhist scriptures, but this work will

pick up some important and essential qualities which are possible to apply for every

leader only. The roles of leadership which leader should do and perform is dissimilar
to the qualities of leadership which leader should have. When a leader does not have

these qualities, he cannot lead the organization efficiently, even he knows the laws of
leadership which leader should do.

3.4.1 Adhipati: The Four Factors of Predominance

Leader need to be strong in both sides physically and mentally. In Theravāda

Buddhism describe that there are four kinds of Adhipati: four factors of predominance
in Abhidhamma. For the one who wants to control, govern, administrate, manage, and

rule over the society, country, and world must have and need to learn these four qualities
of leader called Adhipati. Adhipati means ruler, master, lord, and ruling over,

governing, and predominant. 112 Adhipati can be linked in both side of wholesome and

unwholesome. There are many good consequences when one applies these four
qualities of predominance. In the same ways there are also countless results when these

qualities are attaching with evil sources. Most leaders are successful in both religion
and business world because they are holding these four qualities tightly in their heart.

There are four dominant influence namely: intention, energy, though, and
investigation. 113

1) Chandādhipati means ruling over by intention. Chanda and Lobha:

Desire and intention are not the same. Chanda can be defined as desire and some scholar

112 T.W. Rhy David, William Stede, The Pāli-English Dictionary, (New Dhelhi:
Asian Educational Services, 1997), p. 29.
113 Abhidhammattha Sangaha [Compendium of Philosophy], Mrs. Rhys Davids
(trans.), (London: Pāli Text Society, 1972), p.177.