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Effect of Red Watermelon Albedo Extract for Therapy on Diabetes Type I Rat based on Aortic IL-
1β Expression and Histopathology

Herawati 1, Ananta Ardi Bagaskara 2, Fajar Shodiq Permata 3
1Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2 nd Campus UB Puncak
Dieng Eksklusif Kalisongo, Malang, Indonesia 65151
2Student of Veterinary Medicine Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2 nd Campus UB Puncak
Dieng Eksklusif Kalisongo, Malang, Indonesia 65151
3Laboratory of Veterinary Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2 nd Campus UB Puncak Dieng
Eksklusif Kalisongo, Malang, Indonesia 65151

*Correspondence: herawati58@ub.ac.id

ABSTRACT
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 1 is a severe DM disease with pancreatic damaged beta-cell leading to insulin
deficiency. Insulin deficiency plays a significant role in causing oxidative stress conditions capable of damaging
endothelial cells in the aorta, causing inflammation characterized by IL-1β expression as proinflammatory cytokines.
The effort to reduce oxidative stress in the body is by giving antioxidants such as citrulline from albedo of red
watermelon. This study aimed to determine the effect of red watermelon albedo extract on treating streptozotocin-
induced DM type 1 rats based on IL-Iβ expression and aortic histopathology. This study used 20 rats (Rattus
norvegicus), 8-12 weeks, male Wistar strain. Rats were divided into five groups into negative control group, DM1
group (K +), treatment group (P1), (P2), and (P3). The treatment groups were DM1 rats then treated with red
watermelon albedo extract at doses of 500mg/kg BW, 1000mg/kg BW, and 1500mg/kg BW respectively. Aortic IL-
Iβ expressions were observed using IHK method, and the expression data were analyzed quantitatively using one
way ANOVA and continued with the Tukey test (α = 0,05). In addition, qualitative data were achieved from the aortic
histopathologic picture using HE staining. The results showed that the optimal dose of 1500 mg/Kg BW decreased
the expression of IL-1β in the aorta by 75.5% and reduced aorta injury. This study concluded that red watermelon
albedo extract could be used as therapy for DM type 1 based on the expression of IL-1β reduction and aortic
histopathology improvement.

Keywords: Aortic Histopathology, Diabetes mellitus type 1, Rattus norvegicus, IL-1β, Red Watermelon Albedo,

TH
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