Page 32 - No.23 關照季刊 Aug 2025_F

Aug．2025

摘要

本研究以 2023 年上映的香港電影《破．地獄》為起點，探討道教在殯葬科儀中呈現的文化，
並比較香港與台灣在統治體制、制度建構與宗教實踐上的差異。電影中描繪了道士家族對儀式的
代代相傳，及女性在宗教職位上所面臨的限制，正好反映香港道教文化中家業式傳承與性別角色
的保守性。透過劇中角色的衝突與選擇，觀眾得以窺見道教儀式傳承過程中的擴展性與變革契機。

相較之下，台灣自日治時期起推行宗教制度化，道士職能逐漸朝向專業化與分工發展。女
性參與宗教儀式的比例也日漸提高並逐步建立開放與多元的制度架構。雖然兩地皆屬道教文化範
疇，但由於英國與日本兩種統治體制下的宗教政策不同，道教在社會中的角色與制度定位也隨之
發生變化，並影響至今。
本文藉由電影文本分析與歷史制度資料，嘗試理解相同信仰在不同社會條件下如何展現出多
元化的樣貌，進而反映宗教與制度之間的互動關係。本文架構如下：壹、前言與電影中「破地獄」
儀式之介紹；貳、探討兩地統治體制與宗教政策；參、分析道士的傳承方式與性別參與；肆、比
較實務層面如入殮與撿骨文化；伍、總結，反思制度與文化如何共同塑造道教殯葬儀式的當代表現。

關鍵詞 : 道教、殯葬文化、統治體制、性別

Abstract
Beginning with the 2023 Hong Kong film Deliverance, this study examines the cultural
expressions of Taoism in funerary rites, and analyzes the differing approaches to governance,
institutional structures, and religious practice in Hong Kong and Taiwan.
The film illustrates the intergenerational transmission of ritual authority within a Taoist lineage
and highlights the restrictions imposed on women in religious offices, effectively reflecting the
patriarchal inheritance model and the conservative gender norms prevalent in Hong Kong’s Taoist
cultural context. The conflicts and decisions faced by characters in the film provide viewers with a
perspective on the adaptability and potential for change inherent in the process of transmitting Taoist
ritual practices."
By contrast, since the Japanese colonial era, Taiwan has pursued the institutionalization of
religious practices, leading to the gradual professionalization and functional differentiation of Taoist
priesthood. Female participation in religious ceremonies has steadily risen, concurrently fostering
the development of more inclusive and pluralistic institutional structures. While both Hong Kong
and Taiwan share a common Taoist cultural heritage, divergent religious policies under British and
Japanese colonial regimes respectively have resulted in transformations in Taoism’s societal role and
institutional status, with enduring impacts observable today.
Through an analysis of film texts and historical institutional records, this study seeks to
understand how a common religious belief is expressed in diverse ways across varying social contexts,
thereby illuminating the dynamic interplay between religion and institutional frameworks.

The structure of this paper is as follows: (1) Introduction and an overview of the “Breaking
Deliverance” ritual depicted in the film; (2) an examination of the governance systems and religious policies in
the two regions; (3) an analysis of the modes of transmission among Taoist priests and gender participation; (4)
a comparative study of practical aspects such as burial and exhumation cultures; and (5) a conclusion reflecting on
how institutional frameworks and cultural factors jointly shape the contemporary manifestations of Taoist funerary
rituals.
Keywords: Taoism, Mortuary culture, System of governance, Gender

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