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The living world
Grammar 3 Circle the correct articles in these extracts from
Reading and Use of English Part 7 (Ø = no article).
/PVOT BOE BSUJDMFT Then check your answers by looking back at the text.
1 Work in pairs. Find the following in the text below. A / The last time Irene Pepperberg saw Alex, she said
goodnight as usual.
two singular countable nouns
three plural countable nouns It took a / the brilliant insight to turn this human-
three uncountable nouns centricity on its head.
two of these three uncountable nouns that could be This novel approach came to Dr Pepperberg,
countable in other contexts a / Ø theoretical chemist, in 1977.
two proper nouns (names), apart from Baobab But Alex, unlike a / Ø chimpanzee, learned to speak
words easily.
Ø / The birds as well as Ø / the mammals can evolve
Ø / a complex and sophisticated cognition.
Baobab trees, Dr Pepperberg and her collaborators at a / the
which are found University of Arizona began teaching Alex.
She went to a / Ø pet shop and bought an African Grey
in Africa, are
parrot, which was then just a / the year old.
frequently compared … the capabilities of a species only distantly related to
humanity: a / the parrot.
with elephants because their bark
Thus began one of a / the best-known double acts in
resembles the skin of an elephant. the fi eld of animal-behaviour science.
Researchers in this area live in Ø / a perpetual fear of
They consist of the most bulky,
the ‘Clever Hans’ effect. This was named after a / the
twisted tissue of any plant on horse that seemed to be able to count.
Earth. The most ancient are 4 Now match each use of a/an, the and Ø in Exercise 3
believed to be 1,000 years old.www.english0905.com
with one of these rules for the use of articles.
Use the defi nite article (the)
B when there is only one of something/someone
2 Many words have different meanings depending on C with superlative adjectives and fi rst, last, only, same
whether they are countable or uncountable. What D to refer to something/someone that has been
is the difference in meaning between these pairs of mentioned before or that the reader already knows
sentences? about
B I like coffee. E to refer to all the members of a group or species.
C I’d like a coffee.
Use the indefi nite article (a/an)
B I can’t see – my hair is in my eyes.
B to refer to something/someone for the fi rst time
C I’ve got a hair in my eye.
C in place of the number one
B Most English cheese is hard.
D to refer to something/someone which is not specifi c
C There are more than 1,000 British cheeses.
(i.e. it doesn’t matter which one)
B Anna lost a lot of weight when she was ill
E to refer to someone’s job.
C Lifting weights strengthens your muscles.
B Car windscreens are made from toughened glass. Use no article (Ø)
C I only wear glasses for reading. B with uncountable nouns which refer to something
a He has no experience of living in a cold climate. general
C But he has read about the experiences of other C with plural countable nouns which refer to
people. something general.
B Exercise is good for you.
QBHF -BOHVBHF SFGFSFODF Articles
C We’ve got four exercises to do for homework.
QBHF -BOHVBHF SFGFSFODF Countable and uncountable
nouns
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