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√—°…“欓∫“≈Õ¬Ÿà∫àÕ¬§√—Èß ‡™àπ ºŸâ∑’Ëπ—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“§√‘ μåπ‘°“¬ Jehovahûs Witnesses ´÷Ëß¡’
(Ò)
§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ«à“ °“√√—∫‡≈◊Õ¥‡ªìπ°“√¢—¥μàÕ°Æ¢Õßæ√–ºŸâ‡ªìπ‡®â“μ“¡æ√–§—¡¿’√å‰∫‡∫‘È≈ ·≈–
‰¡à¬Õ¡√—∫°“√∂à“¬‡≈◊Õ¥ À“°·æ∑¬å√Ÿâ«à“ºŸâªÉ«¬‰¡àμâÕß°“√√—∫°“√∂à“¬‡≈◊Õ¥ ·μà‡ÀÁπ«à“°“√√—°…“

™’«‘μºŸâªÉ«¬ ”§—≠¬‘Ëß°«à“‡π◊ËÕß®“°À“°ºŸâªÉ«¬‰¡à‰¥â√—∫‡≈◊Õ¥¬àÕ¡‡ ’¬™’«‘쇪ìπ·πà·∑â ·æ∑¬å
®– “¡“√∂ΩÉ“Ωó𧫓¡ª√– ߧå¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‡æ◊ËÕ√—°…“™’«‘μ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‰¥âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à À“°æ‘®“√≥“μ“¡

À≈—° Patient Beneficence π—Èπ ¬àÕ¡¡’‡Àμÿº≈∑’Ë¥’∑’Ë·æ∑¬å§”π÷ß∂÷ß™’«‘μ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‡ªì𠔧—≠

·æ∑¬åμâÕß„™â§«“¡√Ÿâ§«“¡ “¡“√∂√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬Õ¬à“ߥ’∑’Ë ÿ¥μ“¡∑’ˉ¥â√Ë”‡√’¬π¡“ ‰¡à„™àª≈àÕ¬„Àâ

ºŸâªÉ«¬μ“¬‰ªμàÕÀπâ“μàÕμ“ ·μàÀ≈—°‡√◊ËÕß Patient Autonomy and Self-determination

π—Èπ„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠μàÕÕ‘ √–„π°“√μ—¥ ‘π„®¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ·æ∑¬åμâÕ߇§“√æ°“√μ—¥ ‘π„®
¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‰¡à„™àμ—¥ ‘π„®·∑πºŸâªÉ«¬Õ¬à“ß∑’ˇ§¬∑” §«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ßÀ≈—°°“√∑—Èß Õßπ’È

°àÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ߺŸâªÉ«¬À√◊Õ≠“μ‘ºŸâªÉ«¬°—∫·æ∑¬åºŸâ∑”°“√√—°…“Õ¬Ÿà∫àÕ¬§√—Èß

·≈–‡ªì𧥒§«“¡¢÷Èπ Ÿà»“≈„πμà“ߪ√–‡∑»Õ¬Ÿà‡π◊ÕßÊ ·μय़‡À¡◊Õπ«à“ ªí®®ÿ∫—πÀ≈—°‡√◊ËÕßÕ‘ √–
„π°“√μ—¥ ‘π„®¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬ (Patient Autonomy ·≈– Self-determination) ®–‡ªìπÀ≈—°°“√

∑’Ë»“≈„πª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“·≈–¬ÿ‚√ª √«¡∑—ÈßÕÕ ‡μ√‡≈’¬„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠¬‘Ëß°«à“ Patient

Beneficence ∫“ß∑à“π‡ÀÁπ«à“ °“√„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠¢ÕßÕ‘ √–„π°“√μ—¥ ‘π„®¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬π—Èπ

Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫À≈—°°“√·≈–∫√√∑—¥∞“π∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’ˇ§¬¡’¡“ ‡ªìπ°“√ π—∫ πÿπ°“√§ÿ⡧√Õß

ºŸâªÉ«¬„π∞“π–ºŸâ„™â∫√‘°“√À√◊ÕºŸâ„™â∫√‘∫“≈∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å ∑—È߬—ߙ૬≈¥¿“√–Àπâ“∑’Ë„πß“π
§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫¢Õß·æ∑¬å·≈–≈¥§«“¡√—∫º‘¥∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë·æ∑¬åμâÕß√—∫º‘¥À“°„™âÀ≈—°

Patient Beneficence ·≈–‡ªìπ°“√≈¥≈—°…≥–¢Õß°“√„™âÕ”π“®‡Àπ◊Õ (paternalistic) ¢Õß
(ÒÒ)
·æ∑¬å ·μଗߧ߄Àâ·æ∑¬å‡ªìπºŸâ§«∫§ÿ¡∑‘»∑“ߢÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈‰¥âÕ¬Ÿà

(Ò)
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehovah%Ú˜s_Witnesses (last visited Aug. 2, 2019).
(ÒÒ)
Jaime Staples King & Benjamin W. Moulton, Rethinking Informed Consent: The Case for
Shared Medical Decision-Making, 32 AM. J.L. & MED. 429, 436 (2006).

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