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Õ“®À¡“¬∂÷ßÕߧå°√∏ÿ√°‘® (enterprise) À√◊Õ∏ÿ√°‘® (business) °Á‰¥â ·μà∑—Èßπ’ȇæ◊ËÕ§«“¡ßà“¬

μàÕ°“√»÷°…“ „π∫∑§«“¡π’È®÷ß·ª≈§”«à“ undertakings «à“ 纟âª√–°Õ∫∏ÿ√°‘®é ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—μ‘·¢àߢ—π∑“ß°“√§â“ ∑—Èßπ’È TFEU ‰¡à‰¥â„Àâ𑬓¡¢Õߧ”«à“

undertakings ¡“°‰ª°«à“∑’˪√“°Ø„π∫∑∫—≠≠—μ‘¥—ß°≈à“« ·μ໓≈¬ÿμ‘∏√√¡ À¿“æ¬ÿ‚√ª (Court

of Justice of the European Union) ·≈–§≥–°√√¡°“√ À¿“æ¬ÿ‚√ª (EU Commission)
√«¡‰ª∂÷ßÀπà«¬ß“π¿“¬„π¢Õß·μà≈–√—∞ (National Competition Authorities À√◊Õ NCAs)

´÷Ë߇ªìπÕߧå°√∑’Ë¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë„π°“√„™â·≈–μ’§«“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬¥—ß°≈à“« μ“¡À≈—°°“√¡’º≈‚¥¬μ√ߢÕß

°ÆÀ¡“¬ À¿“æ¬ÿ‚√ª (Direct effect) μà“ß°Á„™â·≈–μ’§«“¡∂âÕ¬§”¥—ß°≈à“«„Àâ¡’§«“¡À¡“¬

∑’ˇ©æ“–‡®“–®ß¢÷Èπ ∑—Èßπ’È ®“°§”μ—¥ ‘π¢Õß»“≈ À¿“æ¬ÿ‚√ª·≈–∑“ߪؑ∫—μ‘¢ÕßÀπ૬ߓπ

∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß §”«à“ çundertakingsé “¡“√∂ √ÿª “√– ”§—≠‰¥â¥—ßμàÕ‰ªπ’È

Û.Ò §¥’ Höfner °—∫∫√√∑—¥∞“π°“√μ’§«“¡§”«à“ undertakings

μ“¡ TFEU

§”æ‘æ“°…“∑’Ë∂◊Õ‡ªìπ∫√√∑—¥∞“π¢Õß»“≈ À¿“æ¬ÿ‚√ª„π°“√μ’§«“¡§”«à“

(Ú)
undertakings §◊Õ§¥’ Höfner ´÷Ëß»“≈‰¥â„Àâ𑬓¡¢Õߧ”«à“ºŸâª√–°Õ∫∏ÿ√°‘®‰«â«à“À¡“¬∂÷ß
ºŸâ„¥°Áμ“¡∑’˪√–°Õ∫°‘®°√√¡∑“߇»√…∞°‘® ‰¡à«à“®–¡’ ∂“π–∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬À√◊Õ¡’«‘∏’À“‡ß‘π∑ÿπ

Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡ (çany entity engaged in economic activities regardless of the legal
status and the way in which it is financedé)

𑬓¡¢Õß undertaking μ“¡§¥’ Höfner ·∫à߉¥â‡ªìπ Û ª√–°“√ °≈à“«§◊Õ

Ò) ¡’°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√∑“߇»√…∞°‘® (economic activities) ”À√—∫∂âÕ¬§”«à“

°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√‡»√…∞°‘®π’Èπ—Èπ ¡’§«“¡À¡“¬‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ªπ—Èπ°Á§◊Õ°“√‡ πÕ ‘π§â“·≈–∫√‘°“√
(Û)
„π∑âÕßμ≈“¥ ‚¥¬‰¡à®”‡ªìπ«à“®–μâÕ߇ªìπ°“√∑”‡æ◊ËÕ°”‰√ (profit-making) ‡ ¡Õ‰ª

(Ú)
Case C-41/90 Klaus Höfner and Fritz Elser v Macrotron GmbH [1991] ECR I [1979] para.21.
(Û)
Case C-35/96. Commission of the European Communities v. Italian Republic, [1998], para. 36.

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