Page 366 - PPL-engelsk 2025

Communication

4.10.4.2 Route- specific alerting service .......................................................... 410

4.10.4.3 Restricted area ................................................................................... 413

4.10.5 Arrival procedure and traffic circuit ........................................................ 413

4.10.5.1 Traffic circuit ...................................................................................... 413
4.10.5.2 Approach procedures AFIS, Radio and TWR airports ........................ 414

4.11 Radio error .............................................................................................. . 416

4.11.1 Legal text regarding radio failure ............................................................ 416

4.11.2 Observation of radio faults and accompanying procedures ................... 417

4.11.2.1 How to observe radio faults ................................................................ 417
4.11.2.2 Your procedures and phraseology in case of radio faults ................... 418

4.11.2.3 Ground station procedures in case of radio faults .............................. 419

4.11.3 Forwarding messages .............................................................................. 419

4.12 Prioritization of messages – order of priority ........................................ . 421

4.12.1 Distress messages .................................................................................... 421

4.12.1.1 Radio silence and cancellation of radio silence ................................... 423
4.12.1.2 Transponder setting ............................................................................ 424

4.12.2 Urgency messages ................................................................................... 424

4.12.2.1 Phraseology in the event of an engine failure..................................... 424

4.12.3 Messages regarding bearings .................................................................. 426
4.12.3.1 QDM, QDR, QTE, QUJ .......................................................................... 427

4.12.4 Messages regarding flight safety ............................................................. 428

4.12.5 Meteorological messages ........................................................................ 428

4.12.6 Messages regarding the regularity of flights ........................................... 428

4.13 Tecnical topics ........................................................................................ . 429

4.13.1 Frequency and wavelength ..................................................................... 429

4.13.2 Waveforms and modulation .................................................................... 431
4.13.2.1 N0N ...................................................................................................... 431

4.13.2.2 A1A ...................................................................................................... 431

4.13.2.3 A2A and low-frequency tone ............................................................... 432

4.13.2.4 A3E ....................................................................................................... 432
4.13.2.5 F3E / FM ............................................................................................... 432

4.13.2.6 VHF and UHF ........................................................................................ 433

Flight Theory PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 366