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mviwmbv t e¨vK‡Uwiqv †Kvl¸‡jv AvU ev AvU Gi ¸wbZK wn‡m‡e ¸”QvKv‡i mw¾Z _v‡K| D`vniY-Sarcina
lutea
2. e¨vwmjvm t Giv †`L‡Z †ejbvKvi ev `ÛvKvi| GKK †Kvl‡K `ÛvKvi e¨vwmjvm Ges GK‡Î e¨vwmwj e‡j| †hgb-
Lactobacillus, Clostridium, E.coli | Giæc e¨vK‡Uwiqvi mnve¯’vb Abyhvqx Giv wbæwjwLZ cÖKv‡ii-
g‡bve¨vwmjvm t `ÛvKvi e¨vK‡Uwiqv GKK fv‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i|
wW‡cøve¨vwmjvm t hLb `ÛvKvi e¨vK‡Uwiqv wefvwRZ n‡q cvkvcvwk msjMœ _v‡K| h_v-
‡÷ªc‡Uve¨vwmjvm t hLb `ÛvKvi e¨vK‡Uwiqv wefvwRZ n‡q cvkvcvwk k„•LjvKv‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i| h_v-
K‡°ve¨vwmjvm t hLb e¨vK‡Uwiqv¸‡jv Clr j¤^v ev wW¤^vKvi nq, ZLb G‡`i K‡°ve¨vwmjvm e‡j|
3. mwc©jvKvi ev ¯úvBwijvg t †Kvl¸‡jv KK© ¯Œz (cork screw) Gi g‡Zv cu¨vPv‡bv ev KzÛvjvK…wZi n‡q _v‡K| †hgb-
Spirillum.
4. wfweªI t e¨vK‡Uwiqvi †Kvl Kgv (,) m`„k| †hgb- Vibrio comma.
e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Rbb t mvaviYZ wZb c×wZ‡Z e¨vK‡Uwiqvi cÖRbb ev eskwe¯Ívi N‡U - A½R Rbb, A‡hŠb Rbb I †hŠb Rbb|
A½R Rbb t
wØwefvRb t AbyK~j cwi‡e‡k e¨vK‡Uwiqv wØwefvRb cÖwµqvq msL¨ve„w× nq| wb‡P cÖwµqvwU eY©bv Kiv n‡jv Ñ
1. cÖ_‡g gvZ…‡KvlwU ùxZ nq Ges Gi
wbDwK¬qvmwU `yL‡Û wef³ nq|
2. AcZ¨ wbDwK¬qvm `ywUi ga¨fv‡M
†KvlcÖvPxi m„wó nq Ges µ‡g `ywU msjMœ
†Kvl Drcbœ nq|
3. Ae‡k‡l msjMœ †Kvl`ywU wew”Qbœ n‡q hvq|
evwWs t evwWs ev gyKz‡jv`Mg cÖwµqvwU eY©bv Kiv n‡jv Ñ
gvZ…‡Kv‡li †h †Kvb Ask †_‡K GKwU ùxZ cÖea©K †e‡ivq, G‡K gyKzj e‡j|
gvZ…‡Kv‡li wbDwK¬qvmwU wef³ nq Ges GKwU AcZ¨ wbDwK¬qvm gyKz‡ji †fZi cÖ‡ek K‡i|
B‡Zvg‡a¨ gyKzjwU e„w×cÖvß n‡q gvZ…‡Kv‡li g‡Zv cÖvq mgvb AvqZ‡bi AcZ¨‡Kv‡l cwiYZ nq|
†Kvl `ywUi ga¨eZx© Ask µgk m¼zwPZ n‡q hvq Ges †kl ch©šÍ AcZ¨ †KvlwU gvZ…‡Kvl †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q c‡o|
A‡hŠb Rbb t m~ÎKvi e¨vK‡Uwiqv KwbwWqv, MwbwWqv I AšÍt†iYyi gva¨‡g eskwe¯Ívi K‡i| KwbwWqv¸‡jv wØwefvRb c×wZ‡Z Aí
mg‡q AmsL¨ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Rb¥ †`q| m~ÎvKvi e¨vK‡Uwiqvi mPj KwbwWqv‡K †MvwbwWqv e‡j|
cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡k e¨vK‡Uwiqv †Kv‡li †cªv‡Uvcøv÷ msKzwPZ n‡q cÖvPxi †ewóZ AšÍt†iYy ev G‡Ûv‡¯úvi MVb K‡i| AbyK~j
cwi‡e‡k AšÍ‡iYy A¼zwiZ n‡q GKwU e¨vK‡Uwiqv †Kvl m„wó K‡i|
‡hŠb Rbb t 1946 mv‡j Lederberg I Edward
Tatum bvgK weÁvbx E.coli e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z we‡kl
ai‡bi †hŠb Rbb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib hv eskMZxq cybms‡hvM
(Genetic recombination) wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| G
cÖwµqvi ïiæ‡Z wecixZ †hŠbagx© (+ ev donor Ges -
ev recipient ) `yBwU e¨vK‡Uwiqv †Kvl ci¯ú‡ii wbK‡U
Av‡m Ges G‡`i cÖvPxi weMj‡bi gva¨‡g ms‡kølbvjx m„wó
nq| GB bvjx c‡_ `vZv †Kvl n‡Z DNA Gi wKQy Ask
MÖnxZv †Kv‡l ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq|
Gici †Kvl `ywUi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM wew”Qbœ nq| MÖnxZv †Kv‡l Am¤ú~Y© RvB‡MvU ev †g‡ivRvB‡MvU MwVZ nq| MÖnxZv †Kvl wØwefvR‡bi
gva¨‡g wefvwRZ n‡q AcZ¨ †Kvl m„wó K‡i| Gi d‡j bZzb m„ó AcZ¨ †Kv‡l wgkª Pwi‡Îi cÖKvk N‡U| `vZv †KvlwU nvwi‡q
DNA nvwi‡q wefvRb ¶gZv nvwi‡q ‡d‡j I µ‡g bó n‡q hvq|
UªvÝdi‡gkb Ges UªvÝWvKkb eB †_‡K|
cÖwZKv‡ii †P‡q cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’vB DËg| 6
