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†g‡mv‡mvg I fwjDwUb KYv Ges ¶z`ª DNA AYy (ev cøvRwgW) i‡q‡Q| KZ¸‡jv e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z †µvgv‡Uv‡dvi
bvgK we‡kl ¶z`ªv‡½ e¨vK‡UwiI‡K¬v‡ivwdj we`¨gvb | Giv mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi mv‡_ RwoZ|
wbDwK¬qvm t e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z †Kvb myMwVZ wbDwK¬qvm †bB| Gi cwie‡Z© wbDwK¬I‡qW bv‡g wbDwK¬qvi †gg‡eªb, wbDwK¬qvi
RvwjKv I wbDwK¬Ijvmwenxb GKwU e¯‘ †`Lv hvq| Giæc wbDwK¬I‡qW †KejgvÎ GKwU `xN©, c¨vPv‡bv DNA AYy w`‡q
MwVZ|
d¬¨v‡Rjv t eûmsL¨K e¨vK‡Uwiqvi †`‡n †KvlcÖvPx‡ii evB‡i `xN© m~ÎvKvi Pvey‡Ki g‡Zv Pjbv½ _v‡K|
cøvRwgW t wbDwK¬I‡qW QvovI m~¶ DNA AYy w`‡q MwVZ ¯^wefvRb¶g A½vby mvB‡UvcøvR‡g †`Lv hvq| Gi bvg
cøvRwgW| A¨vw›Uev‡qvwU‡Ki weiæ‡× cÖwZ‡iva ˆZwi Kivi gZ wRb GLv‡b cvIqv hvq|
wcwj t †Kv‡li c„ô‡`‡k †cÖvwUb wbwg©Z wcwj bvgK †ek wKQy msL¨K Pz‡ji gZ Dcv½ †`Lv hvq|
N) Avgiv Rvwb e¨vK‡Uwiqv wewfbœ ai‡bi †ivM m„wó K‡i| GKB mv‡_ Avgv‡`i A‡bK DcKviI K‡i| wb‡gœ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi
AcKvwiZv I DcKvwiZv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv Ñ
AcKvwiZv t
1. gvby‡li †ivM m„wó t gvby‡li AwaKvsk gvivZ¥K †ivM¸‡jvB e¨vK‡Uwiqv w`‡q n‡q _v‡K| †hgb Ñ h²v, wbD‡gvwbqv,
UvBd‡qW, K‡jiv, wWd‡_wiqv, wU‡Ubvm BZ¨vw`|
2. Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYxi †ivM t Miæ-gwn‡li h²v, nuvm-gyiMxi K‡jiv, Bu`y‡ii †cøM BZ¨vw` †ivM nq e¨vK‡Uwiqv Øviv|
3. Dw™¢‡`i †ivM t M‡gi UzÛy †ivM, av‡bi cvZv aŸmv ‡ivM BZ¨vw` †ivM nq e¨vK‡Uwiqv Øviv|
DcKvwiZv t
1. wPwKrmv †¶‡Î t e¨vK‡Uwiqv n‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK (mvewUwjb, cwjwgw·b BZ¨vw`) Ges cÖwZ‡laK wUKv
ˆZwi Kiv nq|
2. K…wl †¶‡Î t
g„Z MvQcvjv, cÖvwY‡`‡ni cPb BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g gvwUi De©iZv e„w× K‡i|
wKQz e¨vK‡Uwiqv †hgb, Rhizobium gvwU‡Z bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mseÜb K‡i gvwUi De©iZv e„w× K‡i|
†Mvei wKsev gqjv AveR©bv cwP‡q ˆRe mvi m„wó‡Z e¨vK‡Uwiqvi f~wgKv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
3. wkí †¶‡Î t
cvU wk‡í I Pvgov wk‡í h_vµ‡g cv‡Ui Auvk I Pvgov Qvov‡bvi Kv‡R e¨vK‡Uwiqv g~L¨ f~wgKv cvjbv K‡i|
Lactobacillus bvgK e¨vK‡Uwiqvi mnvqZvq `ya †_‡K `B, gvLb, cwbi BZ¨vw` cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq|
GQvov Pv, Kwd, ZvgvK cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Y e¨vK‡Uwiqv g~L¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
4. cwi‡ek Dbœq‡b t Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi hveZxq g„Z‡`n, eR©¨ c`v_© I Ab¨vb¨ RÄvj cP‡bi gva¨‡g cwi‡e‡ki Dbœqb K‡i
_v‡K e¨vK‡Uwiqv|
{A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ we¯ÍvwiZ eB †_‡K}
2| †Kv‡li AvKv‡ii wfwˇZ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi †kªYxweb¨vm t cÖavYZ Pvi cÖKvi, h_v -
1. K°vm ev †MvjvKvi t †Kv‡li AvK…wZ K°vm ev †MvjvKvi ev Dce„ËvKvi | Giæc AvK…wZ‡Z †Kvl GKKfv‡e wKsev `yB ev
Z‡ZvwaK †Kvl GK‡Î _vK‡Z cv‡i| K°vm mvaviYZ 5 cÖKvi -
g‡bvK°vm ev gvB‡µvK°vm t GKKfv‡e _v‡K| D`vniY -Micrococcus denitrification
wW‡cøvK°vm t †Rvovq †Rvovq _v‡K| D`vniY-Diplococcus pneumoniae
‡÷ªc‡UvK°vm t e¨vK‡Uwiqv †Kvl¸‡jv gvjvi b¨vq mw¾Z _v‡K| D`vniY-Streptococcus lactis
÷vdvB‡jvK°vm t †Kvl¸‡jv AwbqwgZfv‡e AvOy‡ii †Sv‡ci b¨vq ¸”QvKv‡i mvRv‡bv _v‡K| D`vniY-
Staphylococcus aureus
cÖwZKv‡ii †P‡q cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’vB DËg| 5
