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CHAPTER II

LIBRARY REVIEW

2.1 Description of Theory

2.1.1 Development Research

According to Borg and Gall (1983) defines development research as a process

used to develop and validate existing products or develop new products, it can also

be used development research to find knowledge or answer problems that have been
faced. While Seels and Richey (1994) define research and development is a procedure

or steps of systematic assessment of the design, development and evaluation of

programs, processes and products that must meet the criteria of validity, practical
and effective. Research and development is research that produces an output or

product, and tests its effectiveness (Fahrurrozi, 2020).

The usefulness of research and development in the world of education is based

on the goals to be achieved, among others as follows (Fahrurrozi, 2020): Research can

be used to develop and validate products used in education, including: training
materials for teachers, learning materials, social media, and management systems in

learning. The results of the research can provide added value, the development of

product prototypes and the formulation of methodological suggestions, fokusnya on
the design and evaluation or product or program developed and the study of products

or development programs carried out previously.

a) Validity

The validity of content is a subjective assessment of a particular construct activity.

In other words, this validityindicates the extent to which a size appears to be
associated with a particular instruction, which is usually associated with conformity,

readability, consistency of style and format, and clarity of the language used. Validitas

is assessedbased on two criteria, namely: (a) the product developed is based on strong