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2.1.4 Stunting

a) Definition

Stunting (stunting) is a condition in which toddlers have a length or height that is

less when compared to age. This condition is measured by a length or height that is

more than minus two standard deviations of the median standard of child growth
from WHO. Toddler stunting includes chronic nutritional problems caused by many

factors such as socioeconomic conditions, maternal nutrition during pregnancy, pain

in babies, and lack of nutritional intake in infants. Stunting toddlers in the future will
have difficulty in achievingoptimal physical and cognitive development. The impact of

stunting can last a lifetime and can affect the next generation.

Malnutrition occurs since the baby is in the womb and in the early days after the

baby is born, however, the condition of stunting is only seen after the baby is 2 years
old. Short (stunted) and very short (severely stunted) toddlers are toddlers with body

length (PB / U) or height (TB / U) according to their age compared to the standard

WHO-MGRS (Multicentre Growth Reference Study, 2006). While the definition of

stunting according to the Ministry of Health (Kemenkes) is a toddler with a z-score of
less than -2SD / standard deviation (stunted) and less than – 3SD (severely stunted).

(National Team for The Acceleration of Poverty Reduction of the Vice President

Secretariat, 2017).

In 2018, the stunting rate in Indonesia reached 30.8%.. While in 2019 it fell to
27.7%, then in 2021 it fell again to 24.4% (SSGI, 2021). Toddlers / clowns (infants

under the age of two years) who experience stunting will have a level of intelligence

is not optimal, making children more susceptible to disease and in the future can be

at risk of decreased levels of productivity. In the end, broadly stunting will be able to
inhibit economic growth, increase poverty, and widen inequality (National Team for

Accelerating Poverty Reduction of the Vice President Secretariat, 2017).