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‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔ ﻍﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻻﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻧﺘﺒﻴﻦ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻍ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﺩﻭﺯﺍ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺎ ﺃﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺧﺎﺀ ﻟﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺪﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻃﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ‪ 2‬ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻴﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺎأﻃ‪ 2‬ﻗﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﻟﻬﻲ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﺳﻮﻣﺮ ﻣﻦﺧﻻﻝ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦﺧﻻﻝ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ(ﺇﻧ‪E‬ﻜ‪n‬ﻲ‪ .)iK،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻈﻰ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ‪ 2‬ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻋﻲ ﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﻳﺪﻭ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻭﺗﺒﺮﺯ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﻍ ﺃﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻱﻷﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭﻑ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬

‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻟﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻮأﻃ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻮﻣأﻃ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻨﻘﺬ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ »ﺃﻭﻮﺗﺎﻧﻢﺘﺴﺑ«' ‪٠‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ »ﺇﻲﻜﻧ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻬﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﺎ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖﻭﻻﺩﺗﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺇﻧﻜﻲ ﺑﺰﻭﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻟﻪ »ﺇﺰﻨﻳﺍﻙ‪ (/‬ﺍﻳﻨﺴﺎ‪E‬ﻙ‪kaE'gng.s.na)g ،‬‬

‫ﻻﻴﻜﻴﺴﻨﻴﻧ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪﺍﺳﺔ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﺪﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﺪﻥ ﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬

‫ﻥﺑﻮ‪ ,‬ﺩﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺿﺎﺟﺫﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪.‬ﺇﻧﻜﻲ‪» .‬ﻦﻴﻧ‪ -‬ﺳﻴﻜﻴﻻ‪Nin.sikalla) .‬‬

‫ﺃﻧﺠﺐﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻳﺇﻨﺴﺎﻙ)‪،Sag.(En‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺍﻳﻨﺴﺎﻙ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ‪.2،‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺇﻧﻜﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺧﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺰﺍﻛﻲ ﺃﺧﺘﺎﻡ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻧﻘﺮ ًﺃ‪ 2‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺘﻢ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻴﻦ ﻭﺟﺪ‪ 2‬ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ »ﺎﻜﻠﻴﻓ« (ﻮﻣﻊﻗ ﺭﻗﻢ)‪ 3‬ﺛﻻﺛﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻄﺮ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻬﺎ ﺇﺫ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ »ﺇﻲﻜﻧ‪ )iknE( ،‬ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭ«ﺍﺰ(ﻧﺍﻙ‪ )ksna I،‬ﻣﺮﺓ‬

‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﺒﺪﻟﻷﻟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻬﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻲﻫ‪:9‬‬

‫‪41. PiesingerCM (1983) Legacy of Dilmun, the Rotts of Ancients Maritime Trade in Eastern Coastal‬‬
‫‪Arabia in the 4th ١ 3rd Millennium B.C. Unpublished Thesis . Un. Wisconsin. p.767.‬‬
‫‪42 . PiesingerC M 1983) Op. Cit. p.767.‬‬

‫) ﻭ‪٠‬ﺪﻳﻝ ﺫﻚﻟ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ﺍﻥﻵﻟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺒﺮﺕ ‪ 2‬ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ‪.‬ﺎﻜﻠﻴﻓ‪ .‬ﻭﺎﻬﻨﻣﺍﻷﻟﻬﺔ ‪.‬ﺇﻲﻜﻨﻳ‪ .‬ﻭﺮﻗﻪﺘﻨﻳ ‪.‬ﺩﻣﺠﺎﻝ‪ -‬ﻧﻮﻧﺎ ‪43 .‬‬ ‫[(‪ A‬ﻭﺃﺮﺸﻧ ‪gal -mNauDna‬‬
‫‪Nashef. K(1986١The Deities of Dilnu, (BTAA) ٠ p.365.‬‬