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‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔ ﻱﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻦ‬

‫‪ 2‬ﺃﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺇﻧﻜﻲ (‪ )iknE‬ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﺃﺷﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﺬﻩﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺭﺽ »ﺩﻮﻤﻟﻥ« (ﺍﺮﺤﺒﻟﻦﻳ) ﻭﻣﺠﺎﻥ« (ﺎﻤﻋﻥ) ﻭﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﺳﻔﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺤﻮﺍﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ »ﺩﻮﻤﻟﻥ«ﻭىﺠﻣ«ﻥ« ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﺄﻟﻮﻓﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺍﻣﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺗﺴﺒﻎ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﻟﻴﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻓﺎﺩﺗﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻟﻰﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦﻻﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻦ أﻃﻖﻳ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺭﺏ‬

‫ﻛﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﻧﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﻘﺮ ًﺃ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻻﺩ ﻣﺠﺎﻥ ﻭﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺄﻧﻈﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻧﻜﻲ )‪،(Enki‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻠﺌﺖ ﻗﻮﺍﺭﺏ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺘﻠﺖ ﻗﻮﺍﺭﺏ ﻣﺠﺎﻥ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺎﻬﺘﻌﺳ‪.25‬‬

‫»‪# p2‬ﺡ ‪٨ y٤٤‬‬

‫‪٦-‬ﺙ‪m‬‬ ‫ﻱ‪٧2w٤‬ر‪4‬‬

‫‪٦##-# y :E٤٤٦‬‬

‫ﺙ‪fg544٤٤ r‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻷﺳﻄﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ »ﺇﻲﻜﻧ ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ«‬

‫ﻭﺗﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻍ ﺳﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺆﻛﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻴﺒﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻻﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﻭﺳﻮﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻔﻦ ﺑﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ »ﺇﻲﻜﻧ‪ )iknE( ،‬ﻃﻘﺮ ﺃﺭﺽ‬

‫»ﺩﻮﻤﻟﻥ« ﻭﺗﺬﻭﻕ ﺳﻤﻜﻬﺎ ﻭﺛﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺑﺎﺭﻛﻪ?‪.5‬‬

‫‪ 3‬ﺃﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻓﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻤﻴﺔﻷﻗﻮﻯ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺑﻄﻠﺔ ﻣﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺑﺸﺨﺺ »ﺎﺠﻠﺟﺶﻣ«‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺣﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻞ ﻟﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﺩﻩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺮ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ‪2‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺽ »ﺩﻮﻤﻟﻥ« (ﺍﺮﺤﺒﻟﻦﻳ) ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ »ﺯﻮﻳﺪﺳﺭﺍ«‬
‫(‪ )arsud ui2‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ »ﻮﻧﺡ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻓﺎﻥ«‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺳﺒﻐﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﺑﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ‬

‫‪aT.‬ﻡ‪ The Sumerian. Chicago. 17‬ﺍ‪9‬ﻊﻓﺭ( ‪N‬أ‪52 . ramer‬‬
‫‪ 2.3,‬ﻣﻨﻴﺮ ﻳﻮﺳ ‪٠‬ﻒ ﻪﻠﻃ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎ‪٠٠‬ﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻱ ‪ 4٠.‬ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﺭﺍﺎﺳﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﺪﻟﺭﺍﺎﺳﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻐﻰﻣﺮﺍﻓﻴ‪.‬ﺔ‪222. 1989،‬‬

‫‪ 54.‬ﻳﻤﺶ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ »ﺡﻮﻧ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺑﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ ‪±‬ﻮﺼﻧﺹ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻬﺒﺌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ‪-‬ﺃﻭﻮﺗ‪ -‬ﻧﺎﺑﺸﺘﻢ‪.‬‬

‫(‪mut‬ﻷ‪pi‬ﺩ‪-N‬ﻥ‪١U‬ﺍ) ‪ ٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺍﺪﺳﻘﻤﻟﻪ(‪ ٠‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﺕﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ)‪ ٠٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺴﺣﺎ‬