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‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔ ﺇﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻦ‬

‫»ﺪﺠﺳﺕ ﻭﺟﻠﺴﺖ ﺍﺑﻜﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻧﻬﻤﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻄﻠﻌﺖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ (ﺍ)ﺮﺤﺒﻟ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺖ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﻠﻮ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻴﻦ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎ‪.5&,‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺻﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺳﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻫﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻛﺪﻳﺔ ﺩ(ﺎﻧﻛﻮ‪ )iga،n‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺎﺷأﻃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺮﺳﻮ ﻋﻠﻰﻤﻗﺔ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ ‪134‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻛﺤﺪ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ 144‬ﺫﺭﺍﻏﺎ(ﺍﺬﻟﺭﻉﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪49.5‬‬
‫ﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃأﻃﺍﺎﻨﻟ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ) ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 71.28‬ﺮﺘﻣ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺏ ﻛﺜﻴﺰﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺳ(ﻂ‪76‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ) ﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻄﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬

‫ﺧﻻﻝﺁﻻﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺰﺯ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺘﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﻣﻦﺧﻻﻝ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﺳﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻤﺔ ﻍ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺨﺒﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻓﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﺠﺪ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﻭﺻﻒ‪ 2‬ﻧﺺ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺮﻛﺎﻷﺗﻲ‪:‬‬
‫» ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻴﺶ ﺍﻭﺗﻮﻧﺒﺸﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﻢ ﺍﻷﻧﻬﺎﺭ‪،‬‬

‫ﺛﻢ ﺃﺧﺬﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍ ﻭﺃﺳﻜﻨﻮﻧﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﻢ ﺍﻷﻧﻬﺎﺭ‪.9‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﻢ ﺍﻷﻧﻬﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻟﻷﻧﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺼﺐ ﻍ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﻬﺮ ﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍﺕ ﻭﺩﺟﻠﺔ ﻍﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻧﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﻭﻧﻎﺑﻻﺩ ﻋﻴﻻﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺒﺪﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﻠﺤﻤﺔ »ﺎﺠﻠﺟﺶﻣ« ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻛﻞ ﻧﺒﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ (ﺍﻮﻠﺨﻟﺩ) ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺳﺎ‬
‫‪ 2‬ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ »ﺍﺮﺤﺒﻟﻦﻳ«‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﺍﻓﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﺎﻋﻲ ‪ 2‬ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺪ »ﺍﺮﺤﺒﻟﻦﻳ« ﻭﺿﻌﺖ‬
‫‪ 2‬ﺛﻻﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺬﺑﺢ ‪2‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻛﻌﻄﺎﻳﺎ ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺒﺪﻳﻦ!‪.6‬‬

‫‪ 4‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ & ﺗﺮﻧﻴﻤﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺼ ﺇﻧﺼﺎﺔﻟﻧﺎﻹﻟﻬ(ﺔ‪ )aan nI‬ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﺸﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫(‪ )ratsI‬ﺍﻷﻛﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ‪،‬‬

‫ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺳﻄﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻧﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻻﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻤﻮﻧﻲ ﻭﺷﻌﺐ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺷﻴﺪ ‪ 2‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻭﺭ ﻣﻌﺒﺪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻟﻮﻧﻴﻴﻦ ﺃﺣﺎﻪأﻃ ﺍﻹﻟﻬﺔ ﻋﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻋﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬

‫‪ 58.‬ﻣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻗﺮ‪ .‬ﻣﻠﺤﻤﺔ ﺟﻠﺠﺎﻣﺶ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓﺍﻹﻻﻋﻡ ‪ ±‬ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﺪﺍﺩ ‪579,‬ﺇ‪,‬ﻰﻣ ‪.I40‬‬

‫‪59. Pritchard] (1969)Ancient Near Eastern Texts, Princeton. p.9.4‬‬
‫‪ 60‬ﻃﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻗﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻠﺤﻤﺔ ﺟﻠﺠﺎﻣﺶ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪. ،‬ﻡﺇ‪45‬‬

‫‪61. AlsterB (1983) Dilmun. Babrain and the Alleged Paradise in Sumerian Myth and Literature. ln‬‬
‫‪. vol.2. p.4546-‬ﺭ‪Dilmun،New studies in the Archaeologg and Early Histoyr of Babrain (BBVO‬‬