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‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔ ‪ 2‬ﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻗﺮﻳﻨﺘﻪ »ﻻﻴ(ﻜﺴﻴﻣ‪M‬ﻙ‪ ،{klka is،e‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﻴﻦ ﻗﺪ‬

‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪ 2‬ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺳﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﻟﻬﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻮﻣﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﻤﺎ »ﺪﻴﺳ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ« ﺃﻭﺳﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻡ‪.،‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﺠﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﻟﻬﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﻯ‬

‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻛﻮﺗﻴﺔﺐ‪،‬ﻘﻠﻟىىى« ‪.‬ﻲﻣ‪.‬ﻞﻴﻜﻴﺳ‪dNin-me-) .‬‬ ‫» ﺃﻻﻴﻙﻜ(ﺴﻴ‪eM‬ﻣ‪is‬ﻙﺃﻥ ‪)k،lka‬‬

‫)‪ sikil-ak‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ »ﺪﻴﺳﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻬﻴﺔ »ﻲ(ﻣ«‪ )em‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻘ»ﻄﻊ‪( «nin‬ﺪﻴﺳﺓ)‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺮﻩ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﻢﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ »ﻦﻴﻧ ﻻﻴﻜﻴﺳﻩ‬

‫(‪ )al-lkis-i niNd‬ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﻭﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻭ )ﺑﺼﻴﻐ(ﺔ‪atk‬ر‪, niN-sdikil-‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪ «niN‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﻟ«ﻰ‪ Min‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ »ﺇﺰﻨﻳﺍﻙ‪،‬‬

‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻓﺴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ »ﻦﻴﻧ ﺯﺍ‪).‬ﺍ(‪ niN-da-ga،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ (‪ )a‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻟﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺠ(ﺮ‪ )ka‬ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻳﻌﺮ«ﻑ‪ lnsak‬ﻑ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺳﻮﻣﺮﻱ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻣﺎﻉ ﺃﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻧﻜﻲ ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﺘﻘﺮ ًﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺇﻧﻜﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ‪:‬‬

‫»أﻬﻃﺑﻻﺩ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻴﺔ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﻦ(ﺳﻴﻜﻴ‪N‬ﻻأ‪s-i‬أ‪ )allai‬ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ‪،‬؟‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ ﻧﺠﺪ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺃﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﻟﻬﻢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﻮﺼﺧأﻃ »ﺩﻥﻮﻤﻟ«‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺤﺘﻠﻮﻥ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻻ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺘﻴﻦ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ »ﺎﺠﻠﺟﺶﻣ«‬
‫(‪ ،)segam ilG‬ﻭﺯﻳﻮﺳ(ﻮﺩﺍﺭﺍﺀ‪ )(arusd ui2‬ﻭ«ﺍ‪A‬ﺮ‪L‬ﻀ‪h‬ﺨﻟ‪ ،)rdiK‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬
‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﻟﻪ »ﺇﻲﻜﻧ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ »ﺎﻜﻠﻴﻓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﺳﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺘﻰ‪ 2‬ﺣﻀﺎﺭﺓ »ﺍﺪﻨﻬﻟ« ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ »ﺍﺮﻀﺨﻟ« ﺇﻟﻪ ﻧﻬﺮﻱ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﺗﻘﺘﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﻧﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻱ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ »ﺎﻜﻠﻴﻓ« ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻻﺩ ﻍ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺰﺍﺭ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ ﺃﻥ‬

‫»ﺍﺮﻘﻟﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ« ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺄﺎﻤﻋﻪﻟ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﻤﻪ!‪.5‬‬

‫‪46 . Black and GreenA (1998)Goads. Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. London. p،66- 178.‬‬

‫‪ 47‬ﺃﻛﺮﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻛﺴﻤﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺣﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻦﻳ ﻭﺍﻴﻠﺨﻟﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺑﻲ ‪ +‬ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺛﺮﻳﺔ ﺟﺬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ‪ 8-‬ﻠﺠﻣﺔ ﺃﻓﺎﻕ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭ ‪٠ 0119,92‬ﺪﻨﺑﺍﺩ ﺮ‪٠‬ﻣ‪.85‬‬
‫‪ . 48‬ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﻒ‪ ،‬ﺃﺔﻴﻧ ﺩﻟﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳ‪.‬ﻦ‪ 1984‬ﻣﻰ ‪17417.1‬‬

‫‪ . 49‬ﺻﻮﻣﻮﺋﻴﻞ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻛﺮﻳﻤﺮ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺮﻣﻥﻮﻳ‪.‬ﺎﺗﺭﻢﻬﺨﻳ ﺣﻀﺎﺭﺗﻬﻢ ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺋﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‪ 1973 ,‬ﻰﻣ‪.442‬‬

‫‪،Rice.M 1994) Op.Cit. p.319 .50‬‬

‫‪. 51‬ﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﻒ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﺕ ‪ 60‬ﺇﻟ‪.‬ﻰ‪82‬‬