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the ES/FL writing classroom context. According to Burns (2009),
utilizing collaborative action research techniques enhances the potential for
research findings on educational practice to be more effectively and critically
integrated into educational systems. McNiff and Whitehead (2002) note, "while the
study focuses on you (a researcher) and your learning, you will also get an
understanding of how your learning affects the quality of learning of others" (p. 87).
Consequently, this study modified CAR processes by incorporating Plomp's stages
of research-based design.
B. Procedure of Development
The researcher adopted the type of design-based research by Plomp integrated with
CAR to develop the multipurpose assessment model in blended learning of
argumentative writing. The development procedure is presented in detail in Figure
8.
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