Page 79 - BUKU SYNOPSIS

student work. The rubric utilizes a pre-established set of criteria to

assess the performance of an individual or group of students in a

specific profession or task, hence providing further insights into their

grades. Accordingly, the use of a rubric assists the teacher in delivering

a more unbiased assessment of the educational accomplishments.

However, it is advisable to employ more than two raters to enhance the

reliability and validity of the measurement (Weigle, 2002).

In many cases, written essays or paragraphs are utilized to

document the language proficiency of the examinee. Examinees'

writing performance is evaluated by completing an essay in which

construct-response items are assigned rather than selecting the correct

answer from the options provided. They must create a response based

on the prompt provided. As previously indicated, errors in student

assessment outcomes can occur for various reasons, even if the

examiner uses a similar scoring procedure. Some (such as Chan et al.,

2015; Dunsmuir et al., 2015) claim that writing an essay is a subjective

test requiring using more than one rater. As a result, assessing writing

is "a rater-mediated assessment" (Eckes, 2019, p. 16), as it includes the

rater facet and other facets such as examinee, task, and criteria.

The raters play a significant role in the assessment results. Eckes

further emphasizes that the effects of raters, such as severity, are

generally viewed as sources of method variance that threaten the

validity of the assessment procedure. Thus Linacre (1994) recommends

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