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defines blended learning as combining physical and virtual instruction to create

effective teaching processes. It also combines f2f teaching with ICTs through

online and offline activities. Irons and Elkington (2022) predicted that the

blended-learning model would become the the new normal in course delivery

courses. In short, the blended learning model combines the advantages of face-

to-face and virtual learning to remove time, place, and situation barriers to

improve teaching-learning processes. For this study's purpose, the researcher

defines blended learning as integrating f2f and virtual classes assisted by

internet-based apparatus.

Emancipated Learning curriculum mandates blended learning as an

integrated learning approach that combines the benefits of f2f and online

learning with the use of ICT to create effective learning where the learning

process involves students actively seeking and constructing knowledge with

various learning resources that can be accessed via the Internet (Direktorat

Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, 2020). Students in blended learning not only

acquire learning experiences when accompanied by lecturers in or out of class,

but they also gain broader learning experiences on their own. Students obtain

learning materials and learning experiences (orientation, exercises, and

feedback), excellent practices, examples, and encouragement directly from the

lecturers when studying in class. Meanwhile, when studying online, students

have control over their study time, can study anywhere, at any time, and are

not bound by the lecturer's instructional methods. Students can study

independently or connect with lecturers and peers, and they have access to

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