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responses, as previously described by Eckes. MFRM can also be used

to evaluate the consistency of raters, allowing one to determine which

raters consistently assign ratings ((Sulistiyo et al., 2019; Sumintono &

Widhiarso, 2015).

5. The Nature of Blended Learning

Nowadays, advanced technology helps people to communicate more

effectively, blurring the distance between them. Technology improvements

have had a significant impact on the educational context, making it easier for

teachers to develop innovative and effective teaching-learning practices, as

well as enabling students to find materials to aid their academics. In addition,

there is a growing trend in the development of learning innovation through e-

learning technology. The growth of virtual or teleconference-based classrooms,

which do not require the teacher and students to be in the same room, has been

greatly aided by advancements in information communication technology

(ICT). The teaching-learning processes can be conducted in blended learning.

Several practitioners provide several definitions of blended learning. For

example, Hew and Cheung (2015) define "blended learning combines the

opportunities of f2f learning with an opportunity of the online environment

from a pedagogical approach" (p. 3). In addition, Horn et al. (2014) define

blended learning as a formal learning program where students learn partly

through synchronized and asynchronized technological learning tools anytime

and anywhere and face-to-face through teacher control. Vaughan (2015)

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