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258 √«¡º≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß»“ μ√“®“√¬å∏“π‘π∑√å °√—¬«‘‡™’¬√

Õπ÷Ëß ‰«‡§“π∑å ·√¥§≈’ø ‰¥â°≈à“«‡°’ˬ«°—∫¿“…“°ÆÀ¡“¬∑—Ë«‰ª‰«â¥â«¬«à“, μâÕß

‡ªìπ¿“…“∑’Ë·®à¡·®âß∑—Èß„π·ßà·π«§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ, ·≈–°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°´÷Ëß·π«§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬,
°—∫∑—ÈßμâÕ߇ªìπ¿“…“∑’Ë°–∑—¥√—¥. °“√„Àâ‡Àμÿº≈ª√–°Õ∫¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß·≈–À≈—°°ÆÀ¡“¬
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„π‡√◊ËÕßπ—ÈπÊ ‚¥¬μ√ßμâÕßÀπ—°·πàπ¥ÿ®°—π.

„π∑√√»π–¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫∑à“πºŸâ∑√ߧÿ≥«ÿ≤‘∑à“πÀπ÷Ëß«‘®“√≥å«à“‡π◊ËÕß®“°
ºŸâæ‘æ“°…“·μà≈–π“¬μâÕ߇¢’¬π§”æ‘æ“°…“¢Õßμπ‡Õß, §”æ‘æ“°…“„π·μà≈–§¥’®÷ß¡’¡“°

©∫—∫, ‡Àμÿº≈·Ààß°“√«‘π‘®©—¬´È”°—π·≈–¬◊¥¬“«‚¥¬„™à‡Àμÿ, ∑”„Àâ ‘Èπ‡ª≈◊Õ߇«≈“¢Õß
ºŸâæ‘æ“°…“. ·μà„π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π§”æ‘æ“°…“»“≈Õ—ß°ƒ…°Á¡’≈’≈“‡ªìπ·∫∫©∫—∫∂◊ժؑ∫—μ‘

°—π¡“™â“π“π. ≈’≈“„π§”æ‘æ“°…“∑’Ë«à“π’ȇªìπ≈’≈“·∫∫¢Õß∑𓬧«“¡„Àâ‡Àμÿº≈„π‡™‘ß°≈à“«
·°â§¥’¢Õßμπ‡Õß„π»“≈Õ¬à“ß®—¥‡®π. ¿“…“¢Õߧ”æ‘æ“°…“»“≈Õ—ß°ƒ…®÷ß¡’≈’≈“·μ°μà“ß
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‰ª®“°§”æ‘æ“°…“¢Õß»“≈ª√–‡∑»Õ◊Ëπ´÷Ëß‚¥¬ª°μ‘‡ªìπ¿“…“∑“ß°“√.

ºŸâ‡¢’¬π‡Õ߇ÀÁπ«à“§”æ‘æ“°…“¢Õß»“≈Õ—ß°ƒ…¡’≈’≈“‰ª„π‡™‘ßÕ¿‘ª√“¬, „Àâ‡Àμÿº≈

π—∫ πÿπ¢âÕ§‘¥‡ÀÁπ¢ÕߺŸâæ‘æ“°…“, Õâ“ßÕ‘ß·π«§”æ‘æ“°…“¥—È߇¥‘¡¡“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫,
¬°μ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ◊Ëπ∑’Ë„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß„π§¥’¡“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫¥â«¬„π≈—°…≥–∑’Ë«à“∂â“À“°

‡ªìπ„π§”æ‘æ“°…“¢Õß»“≈‰∑¬·≈â«, °Á∂◊Õ°—π«à“‡ªìπ°“√°≈à“«‡√◊ËÕßπÕ°ª√–‡¥Áπ¡“°°«à“.
¥â«¬‡Àμÿ∑’˧”æ‘æ“°…“¢Õß»“≈Õ—ß°ƒ…¡’°“√°≈à“«‡√◊ËÕßÕ◊ËπÊ Õ—π¡‘„™àª√–‡¥Áπ∑’Ëæ‘æ“∑

‚¥¬μ√ß, À“°·μà¡’°“√Õâ“ßՑ߇√◊ËÕßÕ◊Ëπ‡æ◊ËÕ π—∫ πÿπ‡Àμÿº≈·ÀàߢâÕ§‘¥‡ÀÁπ¢ÕߺŸâæ‘æ“°…“,
®÷ß®”‡ªìπμâÕß¡’°“√«“ßÀ≈—°‡°≥±å摇»…¢÷Èπ, °≈à“«§◊Õ, ∂â“À“°‡ªìπ‡Àμÿº≈„π°“√«‘π‘®©—¬

§¥’‚¥¬μ√ß (ratio decidendi) ·≈â«. ¬àÕ¡¡’πÈ”Àπ—°¡“°°«à“§”°≈à“«„𧥒 (obiter
dictum). ·π«ªØ‘∫—μ‘¢Õß»“≈Õ—ß°ƒ…‡™àππ’Èπ—∫«à“‡ªìπ¥“∫ Õߧ¡Õ¬Ÿà, °≈à“«§◊Õ, ‡Àμÿº≈

π—ÈπÕ“®®–™—¥‡®π, ≈÷°´÷Èß, À√◊Õ¬ÿà߬“°, —∫ π °Á‰¥â, ·≈â«·μà«à“Ωï¡◊Õ„π°“√‡√’¬ß§”æ‘æ“°…“
¢ÕߺŸâæ‘æ“°…“·μà≈–𓬇ªìπÕ¬à“߉√. §”æ‘æ“°…“»“≈Õ—ß°ƒ…„π√–¥—∫¬Õ¥‡¬’ˬ¡π—Èπ

¥’‡¥àπ·∑∫®–À“∑’ˇª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫¡‘‰¥â, ·μà°Á¡‘„™à«à“∑ÿ°©∫—∫®–¥’‡¥àπ‡™àππ—Èπ‰ª‡ ’¬∑—ÈßÀ¡¥.

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ù... lucidity of thought and expression, compression (I hope that the lawyers are
not going to let us down there), and a power to pursue an argument in a way that
does relate conclusions to facts and principles that are relevant to them.û „πÀπ—ß ◊Õ
‡≈à¡∑’ËÕâ“ß∂÷ß„π‡™‘ßÕ√√∂¢â“ß∫ππ’ÈÀπâ“ ÒÚ.
(ÙÛ)
J. Gillis Wetter, The Styles of Appellate Opinions (Leyden: A.W. Sythoff, 1960),
pp. 34-35.