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262 √«¡º≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß»“ μ√“®“√¬å∏“π‘π∑√å °√—¬«‘‡™’¬√

¿“…“°ÆÀ¡“¬¢Õß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“

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¥â“π°ÆÀ¡“¬¢ÕßÕ—ß°ƒ…, Õà“π‡¢â“„®¬“°, ¬◊¥‡¬◊ÈÕ, ·≈–¬ÿà߇À¬‘ß. √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠·Ààß¡≈√—∞

𑫬Õ√å°, ∫∑∑’Ë ¯ ¡“μ√“ Ò π—Èπ, ‡æ’¬ßª√–‚¬§‡¥’¬«¡’∂âÕ¬§”∂÷ß ÙˆÚ §”, ‚¥¬‰¡à¡’
°“√‡«âπ«√√§μÕπ‡≈¬. à«π√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠·Ààß¡≈√—∞Õ‘≈≈‘πÕ¬ å, ∫∑∑’Ë Ù ¡“μ√“ ÛÙ

ª√–‚¬§‡¥’¬«¡’∂âÕ¬§”∂÷ß Ù˘Ù §”, ´÷Ë߉¡à¡’ºŸâ„¥Õà“π‡¢â“„®, ·¡â®–Õà“πÀ≈“¬§√—Èß°Áμ“¡
μ“¡√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠·Ààß¡≈√—∞‚Õ°≈“‚Œ¡“ ∫∑∑’Ë Ò ´÷Ëß¡“μ√“ ˜, ‡æ’¬ß·μà¢âÕ‰¢ (proviso)

¢Õß¡“μ√“π’È´÷Ëß¡’‡æ’¬ßª√–‚¬§‡¥’¬«, °Á¡’§«“¡¬“«∂÷ß ÚÛ˜ §”. ´È”√⓬°«à“π—Èπ, ‰¡à¡’
ºŸâ„¥ “¡“√∂®–‡¢â“„®§«“¡À¡“¬¢ÕߢâÕ‰¢π—Èπ‰¥â,‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ∫ÿ§§≈∏√√¡¥“À√◊Õ
(Ùı)
π—°°ÆÀ¡“¬, °≈à“«°—π«à“, ¿“…“μ—«∫∑°ÆÀ¡“¬¥—ß°≈à“«À“„™à¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…‰¡à.
∑—Èß¡‘„™à·μà‡æ’¬ß¿“…“¢Õßμ—«∫∑°ÆÀ¡“¬‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°∫ÿ§§≈∑—Ë«‰ªμ”Àπ‘,‰¡à«à“‡√◊ËÕß„¥∑’Ë

π—°°ÆÀ¡“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π‡¢’¬π·≈â«, ¥Ÿ√Ÿâ ÷°∫ÿ§§≈∑—Ë«‰ª®–¡’Õÿª“∑“π«à“‡¢’¬π‰¡à‰¥â‡√◊ËÕߥÿ®°—π,
(Ùˆ)
∫“߇√◊ËÕߧ«√°≈à“«„À≥â‡√◊ËÕß‡æ’¬ß ¯ §”, °Á‡¢’¬π∂÷ß Ò¯ §”¥—ßπ’ȇªìπμâπ. ª√“°Ø«à“
„πμ”√“°ÆÀ¡“¬¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π‡≈à¡Àπ÷Ëß¡’ª√–‚¬§¬◊¥¬“«π’ÈÕ¬Ÿà¥â«¬§◊Õ:

ùThe comparatively recent introduction of sleeping cars upon
the great highways of travel, as a means of public conveyance, while it marks

a new era in the history of common carriers of passengers, and signalizes
the advancement of the age in the attainment of the luxuries of refinement

and wealth, yet on account of the unique and peculiar features of the system
as it exists, both with reference to the railroads that employ them, and

to the traveling public that enjoy their superior comforts and facilities there
have arisen interesting questions of law, touching the responsibility of such

companies, for the loss or theft of the goods, luggage, and valuables of

(Ùı)
Urban A. Lavery, ùThe Language of the Lawû, The American Bar Associations
Journal, 1921, p. 277.
(Ùˆ)
μ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’ˇÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥„π‡√◊ËÕß°“√„™â∂âÕ¬§”øÿÉ¡‡øóÕ¬, §◊Õ ·∑π∑’Ë®–查«à“, ùNoû, §”‡¥’¬«°≈—∫查
«à“ ùThe answer to the question is in the negative.û ®“°∫∑§«“¡∑’ËÕâ“ß∂÷ß„π‡™‘ßÕ√√∂
¢â“ßμâπ, Àπâ“ Ò¯˘.