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266 √«¡º≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß»“ μ√“®“√¬å∏“π‘π∑√å °√—¬«‘‡™’¬√

ùCivil proceedings in court are not scientific investigations the end

of which must always be objective truth....û

ùThe mind like any other organism gradually shapes itself to what

surrounds it, and resents disturbance in the form which its life has assumed....û

ùAll values are anticipations of the future.....û

ùI see no ground for denying the power of the legislature to enact

the law mentioned in the question proposed. The need or expediency of
(ıÚ)
such legislation is not for us to consider...û

Õπ÷Ëß ¡§«√°≈à“«‰«â ≥ ∑’Ëπ’ȥ⫬«à“, ¿“…“°ÆÀ¡“¬Õ—ß°ƒ…·≈–¿“…“°ÆÀ¡“¬

Õ‡¡√‘°—ππ—Èπμà“ß°—π‰¡à‡©æ“–·μà‡æ’¬ß¥â“π≈’≈“·≈–‚«À“√¥—ß°≈à“«¡“·≈⫇∑à“π—Èπ, ·¡â·μà

»—æ∑å°ÆÀ¡“¬°“√Õà“πÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß·≈–μ—« –°¥°Á·μ°μà“ß°—π‡ªìπÕ—π¡“°, Õ“∑‘ ‡™àπ,

„π À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ °“√‡¢â“‡ªìπ “¡—≠ ¡“™‘°¢Õ߇πμ‘∫—≥±‘μ¬ ¿“ ‡√’¬°«à“, ùadmitted to
the barû. ·μàÕ—ß°ƒ…‡√’¬°«à“, ùcalled to the barû: „π À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“∑π“¬«à“§«“¡„𧥒

„¥§¥’Àπ÷Ë߇√’¬°«à“, ùA Lawyer tries a caseû. ·μà„πÕ—ß°ƒ…‡√’¬°«à“, ùA barrister

pleads a caseû. §Õ°æ¬“π, Õ‡¡√‘°—π‡√’¬°, ùthe witness-standû, Õ—ß°ƒ…‡√’¬°,
ùthe witness-boxû. ∑𓬧«“¡Õ‡¡√‘°—π‡√’¬°, ùattorney at lawû, à«πÕ—ß°ƒ…‡√’¬°,

ùbarrister-at-lawû. ”À√—∫∑𓬧«“¡ª√–‡¿∑«à“§«“¡„π»“≈, ·≈–‡√’¬°, ùsolicitorû

”À√—∫∑𓬪√–‡¿∑„À⧔·π–𔇰’ˬ«°—∫°ÆÀ¡“¬ (´÷Ëß„π∫“ß°√≥’«à“§«“¡„π»“≈‰¥â

‡À¡◊Õπ°—π), ·μ৔«à“ solicitor π’È, „π À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“°≈—∫·ª≈«à“‡ªìπ ùºŸâ™—°™«πû, ´÷Ëß„π

∫“ß°√≥’¡’§«“¡À¡“¬§≈ÿ¡∂÷ß‚ ‡¿≥’¥â«¬. ∑𓬧«“¡Õ“«ÿ‚ ´÷Ëß∑“ßÕ—ß°ƒ…‡√’¬° ùQ.C.û
À√◊Õ ùQueenûs Counselû π—Èπ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‰¡à¡’. §”«à“ À—°°≈∫≈∫Àπ’È Õ—ß°ƒ…‡√’¬°

ùset-offû, Õ‡¡√‘°—ππ—Èπ πÕ°®“°®–‡√’¬° ùset-offû ·∫∫Õ—ß°ƒ…·≈â«, ¬—߇√’¬°Õ’°Õ¬à“ß

Àπ÷Ëß«à“ ùoff-setû. à«πμ—« –°¥°Á·μ°μà“ß°—π, ‡™àπ Õ—ß°ƒ… –°¥«à“ ùdefenceû,

(ıÚ)
Catherine Drinker Bowen, Yankee From Olympus (London : Ernest Benn, 1949)
pp. 304-305.