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√«¡º≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß»“ μ√“®“√¬å∏“π‘π∑√å °√—¬«‘‡™’¬√ 263

passengers, upon which there exists, among the bench and bar, an

undesirable, and, it would seem, needless amount of uncertainty, not to
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say, diversity of legal sentiment.û

Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’, °ÆÀ¡“¬≈“¬≈—°…≥åÕ—°…√¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√¬°¬àÕß«à“¡’‚«À“√
¥’¬‘Ëß°Á¡’, ‡™àπ, √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠·Ààß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‡Õß. πÕ°®“°π’È, ¬—ߪ√“°Ø«à“¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬„À¡àÊ

´÷Ë߉¥â√—∫°“√æ‘®“√≥“¥â«¬§«“¡æ‘∂’æ‘∂—π„π‡™‘ß°“√√à“ß, °“√„™â¿“…“, ·≈–‚«À“√
‡ªìπÕ—π¡“°, Õ“∑‘‡™àπ, The Uniform Commercial Code ©∫—∫ªí®®ÿ∫—π Õ—π‡ªìπ
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ª√–¡«≈°ÆÀ¡“¬æ“≥‘™¬å´÷Ëß¡≈√—∞μà“ßÊ Õ“®„Àâ —μ¬“∫—π√—∫‰«â„™â„π¡≈√—∞¢Õßμπ‰¥â.

‰¥â¡’°“√·°â‰¢ª√—∫ª√ÿߪ√–¡«≈°ÆÀ¡“¬©∫—∫π’È∂÷ß Ù §√—Èß §√—Èß ÿ¥∑⓬ª√—∫ª√ÿß·°â‰¢‡¡◊ËÕ
æ.». Úıı. ª√–¡«≈°ÆÀ¡“¬π’È∂Ÿ°«‘æ“°…å«‘®“√≥å«à“, ·¡â«à“®–‡ªìπ°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥§à“

Õ¬à“ß Ÿß„π∑“ߪؑ∫—쑇æ√“–‰¥âª√–¡«≈§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑“ß°“√æ“≥‘™¬å‰«âÕ¬à“߇ªìπ
√–‡∫’¬∫„π°ÆÀ¡“¬©∫—∫‡¥’¬«°—π, ·μà„π¥â“π™—Èπ‡™‘ß°“√√à“ß·≈–‚«À“√¢Õß¿“…“

°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë„™âπ—Èπ —∫ π, ‰¡à¡’§«“¡‰æ‡√“–, ·≈–‡¢â“„®‰¥âßà“¬‰¡à‡∑à“ The Sale of Goods
Act, 1893, ¢ÕßÕ—ß°ƒ…. Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡, ‚«À“√·≈–≈’≈“·Ààß¿“…“°ÆÀ¡“¬≈“¬≈—°…≥å

Õ—°…√¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉ª„π∑“ß∑’Ë¥’¢÷Èπ°«à“‚«À“√·≈–≈’≈“¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬ ¡—¬‡¥‘¡

‡ªìπÕ—π¡“°. Õπ÷Ëß «√√≥°√√¡¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬Õ’°ª√–‡¿∑Àπ÷Ëß°Á§◊Õ The Model Codes
·≈– The Restatements of the Law ¢Õß The American Law Institute, Õ“∑‘‡™àπ,

The Model Code of Evidence ·≈– The Restatement of the Law of Tort,
´÷Ëß¡‘„™à‡ªìπμ—«∫∑°ÆÀ¡“¬‚¥¬μ√ß, À“°·μà‡ªìπ°“√‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ßÀ≈—°°ÆÀ¡“¬„À¡àμ“¡

·π««‘π‘®©—¬¢Õß»“≈∑’˪√“°Ø„π§”æ‘æ“°…“§¥’∑—Èß¡«≈„π≈—°…≥–μà“ßÊ æ√âÕ¡∑—Èß„Àâ
§”Õ∏‘∫“¬·≈–μ—«Õ¬à“ߪ√–°Õ∫«√√≥°√√¡°ÆÀ¡“¬ª√–‡¿∑π’È„™â¿“…“∑’Ë·®à¡°√–®à“ß,

°–∑—¥√—¥·≈–√—¥°ÿ¡, º‘¥°—∫¿“…“°ÆÀ¡“¬„πμ—«∫∑°ÆÀ¡“¬√ÿàπ‡¥‘¡Ê, ´÷ËßøÿÑ߇øóôÕ·≈–

‡§≈◊Õ∫§≈ÿ¡¡“°.

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®“°∫∑§«“¡„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ∑’ËÕâ“ß∂÷ß„π‡™‘ßÕ√√∂¢â“ßμâπ, Àπâ“ Û¯Ù.
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‡¡◊ËÕ Ò æƒ…¿“§¡ Úı˘ ¡’¡≈√—∞μà“ßÊ „Àâ —μ¬“∫—π√—∫‡Õ“ª√–¡«≈°ÆÀ¡“¬æ“≥‘™¬å‰«â„™â„π¡≈√—∞
¢Õßμπ√«¡∑—Èß ‘Èπ ÙÛ ¡≈√—∞, ·≈–§“¥°—π«à“„π∑⓬∑’Ë ÿ¥¡≈√—∞μà“ßÊ ∑—Ë« À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ °Á§ß®–√—∫

‡Õ“ª√–¡«≈°ÆÀ¡“¬π’ȉ«â„™â„π¡≈√—∞¢Õßμπ: Clive M. Schmitthoff, The Sale of Goods
(2nd ed. : London : Stevens & Sons, 1966), p. 17.