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46 √«¡º≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß»“ μ√“®“√¬å®‘μμ‘ μ‘ß»¿—∑‘¬å

°“√∑’Ë»“≈„Àâ§à“‡ ’¬À“¬Õ—π‡ªìπ°“√≈ß‚∑… (punitive damages) ‡™àππ’È ‡æ√“–

∑—»π§μ‘∑’Ë»“≈¡’μàÕÀπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬≈—°…≥–≈–‡¡‘¥π—Èπ§àÕπ¢â“ß°«â“ß°«à“∏√√¡¥“
‡æ√“–»“≈∑’Ë„Àâ§à“‡ ’¬À“¬‡™àππ’ȬàÕ¡¡Õß«—μ∂ÿª√– ߧå¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬≈–‡¡‘¥«à“¡‘‰¥â¡’‰«â

‡æ◊ËÕ™¥„™â§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬·μà‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« ·μà°ÆÀ¡“¬≈—°…≥–≈–‡¡‘¥π—Èπ¡’‰«â‡æ◊ËÕ
‡Àμÿº≈∑’Ë ”§—≠Õ’° Û ª√–°“√§◊Õ

Ò. ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ‚®∑°å‡°‘¥§«“¡æÕ„® ·≈–À“¬¢ÿàπ‡§◊Õß®”‡≈¬ (idea of satisfaction)

Ú. ‡æ◊ËÕ≈ß‚∑…®”‡≈¬‡ªìπ °“√ —Ëß Õπ ¡‘„Àâ®”‡≈¬ª√–æƒμ‘º‘¥‡™àππ’ÈÕ’° ‡√’¬°«à“
educational role of tort

Û. ‡æ◊ËÕ¡‘„À⇪ìπ‡¬’Ë¬ßÕ¬à“ß·°à∫ÿ§§≈Õ◊Ëπ ‡√’¬°«à“ çdeterrenceé

À≈—°°“√Õ—ππ’ȇªìπ∑ƒ…Æ’∑’Ë¡’º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ™’«‘μ¢Õߧπ„π —ߧ¡Õ¬à“ß¡À“»“≈
°“√∑’Ë»“≈‡πâπ∂÷ß∫∑∫“∑¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬«à“‡ªìπ ∂“∫—π∑’Ë —Ëß Õπ§π (educational role)

„π —ߧ¡„Àâ√Ÿâ®—°√–¡—¥√–«—ßπ—Èπ ¬àÕ¡∑”„ÀâÕ—μ√“‡ ’ˬ߿—¬ (rate of risks) „π —ߧ¡≈¥≈ß
·μàÀ≈—°°“√·≈–·π«‚πâ¡Õ—π¥’¬‘Ë߉ª¢—¥μàÕ§«“¡§‘¥¢Õßπ—°π‘μ‘»“ μ√å√ÿàπ°àÕπ ‡æ√“–À≈—°°“√

Õ—π„À¡à∑”„À⧫“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“≈–‡¡‘¥·≈–Õ“≠“·¡â«à“®–·¬°®“°°—π‰ª·≈â«„π∑“ß·∫∫øÕ√å¡
§”øÑÕß ·μà„π “√– ”§—≠ (substance) °≈—∫¬—ߧߡ’ “¬„¬´È”´âÕπ°—πÕ¬Ÿà §«“¡§‘¥

„π‡√◊ËÕß·¬°≈–‡¡‘¥·≈–Õ“≠“ÕÕ°„À⇥Á¥¢“¥π’È ‡ªì𧫓¡§‘¥¢Õßπ—°π‘μ‘»“ μ√å¬ÿ‚√ªμ—Èß·μà
»μ«√√…∑’Ë Ò¯ ´÷Ë߇≈◊ËÕ¡„ „π°ÆÀ¡“¬∏√√¡™“μ‘·∫∫ Stoics ·≈–¡“‡®√‘≠ Ÿß ÿ¥„πμâπ
(Ú) (Û)
»μ«√√…∑’Ë Ú ªí®®ÿ∫—π„π‡¬Õ√¡—π¬—ß¡’ºŸâ‡≈◊ËÕ¡„ „𧫓¡§‘¥π’ÈÕ¬Ÿà∫â“߇™àπ Mertens
(Ù)
·≈– Esser ‡ªìπÕ“∑‘ ·μà„π°≈“ß»μ«√√…∑’Ë Ú ·π«‚πâ¡°≈—∫‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª‚¥¬∑’Ë
π—°π‘μ‘»“ μ√凪ìπ®”π«π¡“°„π¬ÿ‚√ª·≈–Õ‡¡√‘°“ À—π°≈—∫‰ª∂◊ÕÀ≈—°°“√∑’Ë«à“ ≈–‡¡‘¥
·≈–Õ“≠“®–·¬°®“°°—π‚¥¬‡¥Á¥¢“¥ (strict separation) π—Èπ‡ÀÁπ®–¬“° ‡æ√“–

π—°π‘μ‘»“ μ√凪ìπ®”π«π¡“°‡√‘Ë¡√Ÿâ ÷°«à“ °“√„Àâ§à“‡ ’¬À“¬‡ªìπ°“√≈ß‚∑…π—Èππà“®–‡ªìπ
‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ§«∫§ÿ¡Õ—μ√“‡ ’ˬ߿—¬„π —ߧ¡ ·≈–Õ—μ√“¢Õß≈–‡¡‘¥„Àâ≈¥πâÕ¬≈ß¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥

(Ú)
Stig Jorgensen, Decline and Fall of The Law of Torts, (1970) 18 American Journal
of Comparative Law at. P. 44
(Û)
Mertens, Der Begriff des Vermogenschadens im bugerlichen Recht (1967),
P.P. 93-110
(Ù) rd
Esser, Schuldrecht. (3 de. 1968) P. 268.