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50 √«¡º≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß»“ μ√“®“√¬å®‘μμ‘ μ‘ß»¿—∑‘¬å

°“√™¥„™â§à“‡ ’¬À“¬∂◊Õ‡ªìπ°“√≈ß‚∑… (punitive damages) °“√≈ß‚∑…∑’ˇªìπ

·∫∫øÕ√塇™àππ’È ‡√’¬°«à“ çformal manneré À√◊Õ çgesellschaften manneré

Ù. ≈–‡¡‘¥¡’«—μ∂ÿª√– ߧå∑’Ë√«¡°—πÀ≈“¬ª√–°“√‡√’¬°«à“ cluster of Ideas §◊Õ

Ù.Ò compensatory idea

Ù.Ú idea of satisfaction

(Òı)
Ù.Û deterrent idea : §◊Õ§«“¡§‘¥∑’Ë®–∑”„Àâª√–™“™πÀ≈’°‡≈’ˬ߰“√
∑”§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬ ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ∫∑∫“∑¢Õß≈–‡¡‘¥§◊Õ°“√ —Ëß Õπ∑—ÈߺŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥ ·≈–
(Òˆ)
μ—°‡μ◊Õπª√–™“™π„Àâ‡ÀÁπ‡ªìπμ—«Õ¬à“ß (educational role of tort)

°“√ªÑÕß°—π‰¡à„Àâ¡’°“√∑”≈–‡¡‘μπ—ÈπÕ“®‡ªìπ°“√°√–∑”‚¥¬‡©æ“– (specific
deterrence) §◊Õ ≈ß‚∑…°“√°√–∑”∫“ߪ√–°“√∑’ˇªìπ¿—¬ À√◊Õ √â“ßÕ—μ√“‡ ’ˬ߿—¬„Àâ Ÿß

¢÷Èπ„π —ߧ¡ À√◊ÕÕ“®®–‡ªìπ°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª (general deterrence) °≈à“«§◊Õ·¡â«à“
°“√°√–∑”∫“ߪ√–°“√®–‡ªìπ¿—¬ ·μà°ÆÀ¡“¬‰¡àÀâ“¡‚¥¬μ√ß ·μà°≈—∫„Àâ∑“߇≈◊Õ°

(choice) ·°àª√–™“™π«à“®–‡≈◊Õ°∑”À√◊Õ‰¡à ∂â“∑”°ÁμâÕß™¥„™â§à“‡ ’¬À“¬ ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ
General Deterrence §◊Õ §«“¡§‘¥∑’Ë®– √â“ß∑“߇≈◊Õ°„Àâ·°àª√–™“™π«à“®–ª√–æƒμ‘„π

¢Õ∫¢à“¬ À√◊Õ®–¬Õ¡®à“¬‡ß‘π¡“°°«à“ª°μ‘ ¥â«¬‡Àμÿπ’È (general deterrence) ®÷ߙ૬

(Òı)
§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß Deterrence ∑’Ë®–°≈à“«μàÕ‰ªπ’ȺŸâ‡¢’¬π„™â§«“¡À¡“¬„ππ—¬∑’Ë„™â‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª ´÷ËßÕ“®
»÷°…“‰¥â®“°∫∑§«“¡μàÕ‰ªπ’È : Walter Blum and Harry Kalven, The Empty Cabinet
of Dr. Calabresi : Auto Accidents and General Deterrence (1967) 34 The University
of Chicago Law Review 239; Guido Calabresi. çFault, Accidents and The

Wonderful World of Blum and Kalven,é (1965) 75 Yale Law Journal 216
(Òˆ)
ª√—™≠“‡¡∏’™“«‡¬Õ√¡—π ™◊ËÕ Immanuel Kant ‡ªìπ§π·√°∑’ˇ πÕ§«“¡§‘¥π’È¢÷Èπ Kant ‡ÀÁπ«à“
„π°“√摇§√“–Àå∂÷ߧ«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß°“√„Àâ§à“‡ ’¬À“¬μ“¡·π«§‘¥∑“ߪ√—™≠“∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“
Corrective Justice π—Èπ ‡√“μâÕ߇Փª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß¡À“™π ·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡„π —ߧ¡‡¢â“¡“
æ‘®“√≥“ª√–°Õ∫‡Àμÿº≈¥â«¬ ‡√’¬°«à“ Practical Reason Kant ®÷ß¡Õß«—μ∂ÿª√– ߧå¢Õß°“√„Àâ

§à“‡ ’¬À“¬«à“‡ªìπ°“√ —Ëß Õπ ª√–«—μ‘¢Õß Kant ‡ªìπ™’«ª√–«—μ‘¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈∑’ˇ§√àߧ√—¥„π√–‡∫’¬∫«‘π—¬
‡¢“‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°¢Õߢ∫«π°“√Àπ÷Ëß´÷Ëß¡’«‘𗬇§√àߧ√—¥ ‡√’¬°«à“ pietist movement ¢∫«π°“√π’È
ª≈Ÿ°Ωíߧπ‡¬Õ√¡—π„Àâ¡’«‘𗬇§√àß·≈–¡’°“√≈ß‚∑…∑’Ë√ÿπ·√ß ‡√’¬°«à“¡’ çpietist spirité : ºŸâ π„®

Õ“®»÷°…“μàÕ‰¥â®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õ¢ÕߺŸâ‡¢’¬π, ¥√. √Õßæ≈ ‡®√‘≠æ—π∏å, §”∫√√¬“¬«‘™“π‘쑪√—™≠“,
(‡®√‘≠«‘∑¬å°“√æ‘¡æå, ÚıÚ), ∫∑∑’Ë Ú