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√«¡º≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß»“ μ√“®“√¬å®‘μμ‘ μ‘ß»¿—∑‘¬å 53

‰¡àæâπ °ÆÀ¡“¬¬—ß®”‡ªìπ ”À√—∫¡πÿ…¬å·≈–°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë¥’μâÕß¡’«—μ∂ÿª√– ߧ凪ìπ°“√

—Ëß Õπ∫ÿ§§≈„π —ߧ¡¥â«¬ (educational aim of tort) ®÷ßμâÕß¡’°“√≈ß‚∑…°—π∫â“ß
Khrushchev „πªï Ò˘ıˆ-Ò˘ˆ 欓¬“¡Õâ“ß«à“ ª√–™“™π„πª√–‡∑»‚´‡™’¬≈≈‘ μå√Ÿâ®—°

»’≈∏√√¡‚¥¬°“√„™â«‘∏’ Õπ∑’ˉ¡àμâÕ߇ªìπ·∫∫·ºπ ‡√’¬°«à“ gemeinschaften manner

‡¢“®÷ߧ‘¥ √â“ß»“≈ª√–™“™π (peopleûs court) ¢÷Èπ„π°≈ÿà¡·√ßß“π °≈ÿà¡™“«π“ „π·À≈àß
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∑’ËÕ“»—¬‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡ ·μà°“√ —Ëß Õπ‚¥¬‰√â·∫∫øÕ√塇™àππ’ȬàÕ¡‰¡à‡ªìπº≈ „π∑’Ë ÿ¥√—∞∫“≈
„À¡àμâÕßÀ—π‰ª„™â°ÆÀ¡“¬‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ —Ëß ÕπÕ’°§√—Èß °ÆÀ¡“¬‡ªìπ·∫∫·ºπ®÷ߢ—¥μàÕ
§«“¡§‘¥¢Õßæ«°¡“√å°´‘ μå∑’Ë«à“ °“√ —Ëß Õπ‰¡àμâÕß„™â°ÆÀ¡“¬ ·μà„™â°≈ÿࡪ√–™“™π

·≈–‡¡◊ËÕª√–™“™π∑ÿ°§π¬÷¥„πÀ≈—°»’≈∏√√¡¢—Èπ Ÿß ÿ¥ (high morality) ·≈–´÷¡´“∫

„πÀ≈—°°“√‡À≈à“π’È·≈â« °Á∂÷߇«≈“∑’Ë√—∞∫“≈·≈–°ÆÀ¡“¬®–‡À◊Õ¥À“¬‰ª (withering away
(Úˆ)
of the state) §«“¡§‘¥‡À≈à“π’È≈⡇À≈«‰ª¡“°„πªí®®ÿ∫—π æ«°π—°π‘μ‘»“ μ√å°≈—∫‡ πÕ
«‘∏’ Õπª√–™“™π‚¥¬Õ“»—¬·∫∫øÕ√å¡∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬‡ªìπº≈ ”‡√Á®Õ’°§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß ‡√’¬°«à“

°“√ Õπ·∫∫ gesellschaften manner §◊Õ Õπ‡ªìπ·∫∫æ‘∏’ „πªí®®ÿ∫—π·π«‚πâ¡
„π°ÆÀ¡“¬≈–‡¡‘¥¢Õß√— ‡´’¬Õ“®®– √ÿª‰¥â¥—ßπ’ȧ◊Õ

Ò. „𧥒≈–‡¡‘¥∑’Ë®”‡≈¬¡’°“√°√–∑”º‘¥§◊Õ ®ß„®À√◊Õª√–¡“∑ (Fault) °“√„Àâ
§à“‡ ’¬À“¬∂◊Õ‡ªìπ°“√≈ß‚∑… (punitive damages) ·≈–‚®∑°å‡√’¬°√âÕ߉¥â®“°®”‡≈¬

‚¥¬μ√ß

Ú. „π°√≥’≈–‡¡‘¥∑’Ë®”‡≈¬‰¡à‰¥â°√–∑”º‘¥ ¥—ß∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ strict liability π—Èπ

√—∞‰¥â®—¥°“√ª√–°—π —ߧ¡ (social insurance) ¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬∑’ËΩÉ“¬‚®∑°å‡√’¬°§à“‡ ’¬À“¬

®“°√—∞ ·μà®–‡√’¬°®“°®”‡≈¬‰¡à‰¥â

Professor Albert Ehrenzweig ‰¥â √ÿª·π«‚πâ¡¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬≈–‡¡‘¥√— ‡´’¬‰«â

¥—ßπ’È

(Úı) th
John N. Hazard, Soviet Socialism and The Duty to Rescue, æ‘¡æå„πÀπ—ß ◊Õ xx
Century Comparative and Conflicts Law : Essays in Honour of Hessel Yntema;
Harold J. Berman, The Educational Role of Soviet Court, (1972) 21.
The International and Comparative Law Quarterly 81
(Úˆ)
Hazard, Ibid.