Page 86 - Q - 9 - 2

√«¡º≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß»“ μ√“®“√¬å®‘μμ‘ μ‘ß»¿—∑‘¬å 55

‡ªìπÀ≈—°„π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå°ÆÀ¡“¬≈–‡¡‘¥ ‡æ√“–©–π—Èππ—°π‘μ‘»“ μ√å∑—Ë«‰ª ‡™àπ Roscoe

Pound π‘¬¡«‘‡§√“–Àå°“√«‘«—≤π“°“√¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬≈–‡¡‘¥«à“·¬°μ—«®“°°ÆÀ¡“¬Õ“≠“
Õ¬à“߇¥Á¥¢“¥ „π∑“ß≈–‡¡‘¥‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߢÕß°“√™¥„™â§à“‡ ’¬À“¬ à«πÕ“≠“‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߢÕß

°“√≈ß‚∑… Pound ®÷ß«‘‡§√“–À姫“¡§‘¥∑“ß≈–‡¡‘¥«à“ §àÕ¬Ê ·¬°μ—«®“°Õ“≠“‚¥¬
‡¥Á¥¢“¥ „π∑’Ë ÿ¥À≈—°§«“¡º‘¥∑“ß≈–‡¡‘¥ (fault-principle) °Á®–‡À◊Õ¥À“¬‰ª √—∞®–‡¢â“

¡“√—∫Àπâ“∑’˪√–°—π —ߧ¡™¥„™â§à“‡ ’¬À“¬‡ ’¬‡Õß §«“¡§‘¥·π«π’È∑”„Àâ Pound ·∫àß
(ÛÛ)
«‘«—≤π“°“√∑“ß≈–‡¡‘¥‡ªìπ Ù ¢—ÈπμÕπ ¥—ßπ’È

Ò. revengc idea (vengeance idea) ≈–‡¡‘¥°—∫Õ“≠“¬—ß√«¡°—πÕ¬Ÿà‚¥¬¡’

«—μ∂ÿª√– ߧ凪ìπ°“√≈ß‚∑…

Ú. compensatory idea : ≈–‡¡‘¥§àÕ¬Ê ·¬°μ—«®“°Õ“≠“ ‚¥¬≈–‡¡‘¥‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß
¢Õß°“√™¥„™â§à“‡ ’¬À“¬ ´÷Ëß™¥„™â‡©æ“–‡¡◊ËÕ®”‡≈¬¡’§«“¡º‘¥ (fault-idea)

Û. compensatory idea : °“√™¥„™â§à“‡ ’¬À“¬ ¢¬“¬‰ª√«¡∂÷ß°√≥’ strict
liability ¥â«¬

Ù. social insurance idea : √—∞ «— ¥‘°“√‡√‘Ë¡‡¢â“¡“¡’∫∑∫“∑™¥„™â§à“‡ ’¬À“¬
μ“¡À≈—°∑ƒ…Æ’‡ ’ˬ߿—¬

§” Õπ¢Õß Pound ∑”„Àâ§π‰¢«â‡¢«‚¥¬π÷°«à“ Pound À¬ÿ¥°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå

≈ßμ√ßπ’È ·μà∂â“»÷°…“∑ƒ…Æ’¢Õß Pound „À⥒®–‡ÀÁπ«à“ À≈—ß®“°°“√«‘«—≤π“°“√¡“∂÷ß

¢—ÈπμÕπ∑’Ë Ù·≈⫧«“¡‡ÀÁπ„π‡√◊ËÕß≈–‡¡‘¥®–·ª√‡ª≈’ˬπ‰ªÀ“√Ÿª‡¥‘¡§◊Õ§π‡√‘Ë¡¡Õß
°ÆÀ¡“¬«à“‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊ÕªÑÕß°—π°“√≈–‡¡‘¥¥â«¬ ‡√’¬°«à“ controlling À√◊Õ preventive

measure §π®÷߇√‘Ë¡§‘¥ªÑÕß°—π°“√≈–‡¡‘¥„πÕπ“§μ‚¥¬°“√„™â°ÆÀ¡“¬‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕߪÑÕß°—π
«‘«—≤π“°“√®÷߇æ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ’° Ú ¢—ÈπμÕπ §◊Õ

Ò. °“√„™â°ÆÀ¡“¬ —ߧ¡ (social laws) ‡™àπ consumer protection, labour
legislations ·≈–„™â°ÆÀ¡“¬ª°§√Õß (administrative law) ‡™àπ μ√«® Õ∫„∫¢—∫¢’Ë

·≈–æ«° safety rules μà“ßÊ ‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊ÕªÑÕß°—π≈–‡¡‘¥

(ÛÛ)
Roscoe Pound, Legal Philosophy and Comparative Law (1952) The University of
Pennsylvania Law Review 1.